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Lymphatic System: Overall

Terms in this set (121)

Lymphatic Overview: Anterior View: Location: Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels
A
Lymphatic Overview: Anterior View: Location: Internal Jugular Vein
B
Lymphatic Overview: Anterior View: Location: Subclavian Lymph Trunk
C
Lymphatic Overview: Anterior View: Location: Left Subclavian Lymph Vein
D
Lymphatic Overview: Anterior View: Location: Thoracic Duct
E
Lymphatic Overview: Anterior View: Location: Spleen
F
Lymphatic Overview: Anterior View: Location: Cisterna Chyli
G
Lymphatic Overview: Anterior View: Location: Lymphatic Vessels
H
Lymphatic Overview: Anterior View: Location: Popliteal Lymph Nodes
I
Lymphatic Overview: Anterior View: Location: Inguinal Lymph Nodes
J
Lymphatic Overview: Anterior View: Location: Iliac Lymph Nodes
K
Lymphatic Overview: Anterior View: Location: Lumbar Lymph Nodes
L
Lymphatic Overview: Anterior View: Location: Lumbar Lymph Trunk
M
Lymphatic Overview: Anterior View: Location: Intercostal Lymph Trunks
N
Lymphatic Overview: Anterior View: Location: Axillary Lymph Nodes
O
Lymphatic Overview: Anterior View: Location: Right Subclavian Vein
P
Lymphatic Overview: Anterior View: Location: Right Lymphatic Duct
Q
Lymphatic Overview: Anterior View: Location: Cervical Lymph Nodes
R
An extensive network of ______ vessels collects fluid with dissolved solutes from tissues throughout the body and returns them to the blood. This conserves the fluid that leaves capillaries and bathes tissues, but is not reclaimed into veins
Lymphatic Vessels
Lymph from inferior regions is collected into ____ trunks, which merge with intercostal lymph trunks into the saclike _____; the _____ duct drains the lymph superiorly, joins with the left jugular and ____ trunks, and empties into the blood at the ___vein
Lumbar Lymph Trunks; Cisterna Chyli; Thoracic Duct; Subclavian Lymph Trunks; Left Subclavian Vein
The right jugular and subclavian lymph trunks merge into the _____ duct and empty into the ___ vein
Right Lymphatic Duct; Right Subclavian Vein
T/F: Lymphoid tissues play a central role in the body's surveillance and defense against pathogens, abnormal cells, and foreign substances
True
Lymph passes through ____, where pathogens or other foreign substances are filtered out; lymphocytes are exposed to these foreign materials so they can mount an immune defense
Lymph Nodes
The ____ is a large lymphatic organ that performs functions similar to lymph nodes, except that blood rather than lymph is filtered through the organ
Spleen
Lymphatic Drainage Areas: Anterior View: Location: Subclavian Lymph Trunk
A
Lymphatic Drainage Areas: Anterior View: Location: Thoracic Duct
B
Lymphatic Drainage Areas: Anterior View: Location: Area Drained by Thoracic Duct
C
Lymphatic Drainage Areas: Anterior View: Location: Area Drained by Right Lymphatic Duct
D
Lymphatic Drainage Areas: Anterior View: Location: Right Lymphatic Duct
E
T/F: Lymphatic drainage is organized into 2 separate and very unequal regions.
True
T/F: Lymphatic vessels accompany many of the deep arteries and veins supplying visceral organs, skeletal muscles, and organs of the head, neck, and trunk
True
T/F: Other lymphatics collect lymph from superficial tissues, including areas under the skin and mucous membranes
True
T/F: All lymph passes through at least one lymph node along its path to remove debris and pathogens that may be present
True
T/F: The deep and superficial vessels converge to form larger lymphatic trunks; in turn, the trunks combine to form 2 major ducts that collect lymph and direct it back into the bloodstream
True
Lymphatic vessels from the right arm and right side of the head, neck, and chest above the diaphragm converge to form the ____ duct, which empties into the right subclavian vein
Right Lymphatic Duct
Lymphatic Vessels from the remainder of the body converge on the ____ duct, which is joined by the left ____ trunk as it empties into the left subclavian vein
Thoracic Duct; Subclavian Lymph Trunk
Lymphatic Capillaries: Microscopic View: Location: Venule
A
Lymphatic Capillaries: Microscopic View: Location: Arteriole
B
Lymphatic Capillaries: Microscopic View: Location: Valve
C
Lymphatic Capillaries: Microscopic View: Location: Efferent Lymphatic Vessels
D
Lymphatic Capillaries: Microscopic View: Location: Lymph Node
E
Lymphatic Capillaries: Microscopic View: Location: Afferent Lymphatic Vessels
F
Lymphatic Capillaries: Microscopic View: Location: Lymphatic Capillaries
G
The smallest lymphatic vessels are ____ capillaries that spread out as a network among peripheral tissues
Lymphatic Capillaries
Unlike blood capillaries, which carry blood from ____ to ____, lymphatic capillaries are terminal, flattened vessels with very thin walls
Arterioles to Venules
T/F The endothelial cells overlap slightly, allowing interstitial fluid, dissolved proteins, and even particles as big as viruses or bacteria to enter the capillary
True
T/F: The cellular overlap acts as a valve to prevent fluid from leaking back out of the lymphatic capillary
True
Lymphatic capillaries join to form larger vessels; _____ vessels carry fluids toward lymph nodes; ____ vessels carry lymph away from the node and toward the venous circulation
Afferent Lymphatic Vessels; Efferent Lymphatic Vessels
_____ within the lymphatic vessels assure one-way flow of the lymph as more fluid enters the capillaries, and movements to adjoining muscles push the fluid along the vessels
Valves
Lymphatic Drainage at Root of Neck: Anterior View: Location: Left Internal Jugular Vein
A
Lymphatic Drainage at Root of Neck: Anterior View: Location: Thoracic Duct (Left Lymphatic Duct)
B
Lymphatic Drainage at Root of Neck: Anterior View: Location: Left Subclavian Vein
C
Lymphatic Drainage at Root of Neck: Anterior View: Location: Thymus
D
Lymphatic Drainage at Root of Neck: Anterior View: Location: Lymph Node
E
Lymphatic Drainage at Root of Neck: Anterior View: Location: Right Subclavian Vein
F
Lymphatic Drainage at Root of Neck: Anterior View: Location: Right Lymphatic Duct
G
Lymphatic Drainage at Root of Neck: Anterior View: Location: Right Internal Jugular Vein
H
Fluid collected by the lymphatic system passes through _____ to remove pathogenic or foreign material; the fluid is then returned to the blood
Lymph Node
The ____ duct collects lymph from the right upper quadrant, above the diaphragm, and empties into the bloodstream at the ____ vein
Right Lymphatic Duct; Right Subclavian Vein
The ____ duct collects fluid from the left upper quadrant and from the entire body below the diaphragm; this lymph enters the bloodstream in the ____ vein, at a point very close to junction with the ___ vein
Thoracic Duct; Left Subclavian Vein; Internal Jugular Vein
The ____ gland is located posterior to the sternum in the mediastinum. Although fairly large in infants and children, the gland diminishes in size throughout adulthood
Thymus
T/F: T lymphocytes divide in the cortex of the thymus and are stimulated to mature in the medulla; upon release from the thymus, T cells form an important component of the specific defenses in immunity. The "T" in T lymphocytes refers to their maturation in the thymus
True
Tonsils: Sagittal View: Location: Opening of Auditory Tube
A
Tonsils: Sagittal View: Location: Pharyngeal Tonsils
B
Tonsils: Sagittal View: Location: Uvula
C
Tonsils: Sagittal View: Location: Palatine Tonsil
D
Tonsils: Sagittal View: Location: Lingual Tonsil
E
Tonsils: Sagittal View: Location: Tongue
F
____ are nodules of lymphoid tissues located in the wall of the pharynx; they are areas of areolar connective tissue dominated by densely packed lymphocytes
Tonsils
A single ____ tonsil is located at the superiodorsal margin of the nasopharynx, not far from the opening of the auditory tube; this tonsil is sometimes known as the adneoids
Pharyngeal Tonsil
A pair of ____ tonsils are located at the interface between the oral cavity and the pharynx; these may be easily observed, especially when infected
Palatine Tonsils
A pair of ____ tonsils are located at the base on the tongue, dorsal to the terminal sulcus
Lingual Tonsils
T/F: Germinal centers within the tonsils are a site of B cell proliferation after activation; this exposure to foreign antigens entering the mouth or nasal cavity helps to develop mature plasma cells producing specific antibodies
True
Waldeyer's Ring: Anterior View: Location: Pharyngeal Tonsil
A
Waldeyer's Ring: Anterior View: Location: Uvula
B
Waldeyer's Ring: Anterior View: Location: Palatine Tonsil
C
Waldeyer's Ring: Anterior View: Location: Lingual Tonsil
D
Waldeyer's Ring: Anterior View: Location: Waldeyer's Ring
E
____ refers to the group of lymphatic organs that "guards" the oropharynx and nasopharynx in a roughly circular pattern, providing surveillance for pathogens or other foreign materials and mounting a defensive immunoresponse
Waldeyer's Ring
Guarding the nasopharynx is the ____ tonsil, indicated here by the dotted circle signifying its presence behind and above the palate; this tonsil receives afferent lymphatic vessel located in the walls of the pharynx
Pharyngeal Tonsil
Guarding the oropharynx are a pair of ____ tonsils and a pair of ___ tonsils. These tonsils receive afferent vessels from the tongue and pharynx
Palatine Tonsils; Lingual Tonsils
T/F: The tonsils consist of regions of lymphoid tissues where the lymphocytes are exposed to the antigens filtered from the lymph and germinal centers where clonal lymphocyte cell divisions occur
True
T/F: Since the respiratory and oral cavities may be a site of entry for many pathogens, Waldeyer's ring maintains surveillance in this critical region and is able to initiate the immune response before the pathogens invade deep into the body
True
Spleen: Anterior View: Location: Ninth Rib
A
Spleen: Anterior View: Location: Tenth Rib
B
Spleen: Anterior View: Location: Spleen
C
Spleen: Anterior View: Location: Splenic Artery
D
Spleen: Anterior View: Location: Splenic Vein
E
Spleen: Anterior View: Location: Pancreas
F
Spleen: Anterior View: Location: Left Kidney
G
Spleen: Anterior View: Location: Hilum
H
The ____ lies on the left side, lateral to the stomach, superior to the ____, and extending between the ninth and tenth ribs
Spleen; Left Kidney
T/F: The spleen functions to remove old or abnormal red blood cells, to store iron derived from the hemoglobin from recycled red blood cells, and to detect and respond to immune antigens in circulating blood. In the latter sense, the spleen functions in the blood circulation similarly to the way a lymph node functions in a lymphatic vessel
True
The lateral surface of the spleen is smooth and conforms to the shape of the adjacent diaphragm surface; the visceral surface of the spleen contains a groove, the ____, where vessels enter the spleen
Hilum
The ____ artery, ____ vein, and lymphatic vessels all attach at the hilum and extend medially along the superior border of the pancreas
Splenic Artery; Splenic Vein
T/F: In the spleen, red pulp contains sinuses where blood is filtered to remove old or abnormal red blood cells; white pulp contains areas rich in lymphocytes that provide surveillance for foreign antigens and initiate the immune response
True
Lymph Node: Microscopic View of Transverse Section: Location: Artery
A
Lymph Node: Microscopic View of Transverse Section: Location: Afferent Lymphatic Vessels
B
Lymph Node: Microscopic View of Transverse Section: Location: Medulla and Medullary Cords
C
Lymph Node: Microscopic View of Transverse Section: Location: Cortex
D
Lymph Node: Microscopic View of Transverse Section: Location: Capsule
E
Lymph Node: Microscopic View of Transverse Section: Location: Efferent Lymphatic Vessels
F
____ nodes are small (~1-22 mm) lymphoid organs covered by a capsule of dense connective tissue. They occur throughout the lymphatic system, where they filter debris and pathogens that may have entered anywhere in the body
Lymph Nodes
T/F: To protect the vital organs of the trunk, the largest nodes are located where lymphatics from peripheral tissues enter the trunk region, including areas such as the groin, the axillae, and the base of the neck
True
Lymph delivered to lymph node by ____ vessels passes through a network of sinuses, the cortex, and the medulla before leaving the node through _____ vessels
Afferent Lymphatic Vessels; Efferent Lymphatic Vessels
T/F: An artery and vein penetrate the node near the exchanging of lymphocytes between those in the node and those in circulation
True
T/F: In the sinuses of the lymph node, macrophages remove pathogens or debris from the lymph
True
B lymphocytes in the cortex become activated by foreign antigens presented by macrophages and dendritic cells; the B cells move to the germinal centers of the cortex, proliferate, and mature into antibody-producing plasma cells that migrate to the medulla and form ____ cords
Medullary Cords
T/F: Antigens may also activate T lymphocytes in the deep cortex to initiate other mechanisms of immune response. Activated lymphocytes and plasma cells may reenter circulation to spread the immune response throughout the body
True
Intestinal Lacteals: Anterior and Microscopic Views: Location: Blood Vessels
A
Intestinal Lacteals: Anterior and Microscopic Views: Location: Intestinal Villi
B
Intestinal Lacteals: Anterior and Microscopic Views: Location: Lymphatic Vessel
C
Intestinal Lacteals: Anterior and Microscopic Views: Location: Small Intestine
D
Intestinal Lacteals: Anterior and Microscopic Views: Location: Capillaries
E
Intestinal Lacteals: Anterior and Microscopic Views: Location: Lacteal
F
_____ are specialized lymphatic capillaries found in the villi of the small intestine
Lacteals
In addition to blood vessels, the small intestine is well supplied with ____ vessels
Lymphatic vessels
Each villus has an extensive network of blood ____ that transport nutrients absorbed through the epithelial cells, delivering them to the liver via the veins of the hepatic portal system
Blood Capillaries
T/F: The epithelial cells assemble absorbed fatty acids and cholesterol into vesicles of protein and lipid that are called chylomicrons; they are extruded from the cells but are too large to diffuse into blood capillaries
True
Chylomicrons readily cross into the _____ and are transported through the left subclavian vein
Lacteals
T/F: After a fatty meal, the lymph leaving the lacteals appears milky due to the presence of many chylomicrons; this milky appearance of the lymph is the source of the world lacteal
True
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