EAB6707 SUMMER FINAL

Term
1 / 65
The domain of ABA that states that we address socially significant problems is

A- Analytic
B- Technological
C- Applied
D- Effective
Click the card to flip 👆
Terms in this set (65)
The domain of ABA that states that we address socially significant problems is

A- Analytic
B- Technological
C- Applied
D- Effective
C- Applied
The domain of ABA that states that we write procedures down carefully and follow protocols is

A- Effective
B- Technological
C- Generality
D- Behavioral
B- Technological
The domain of ABA that states that we only create procedures that align with the scine of behavior is

A- Conceptually systematic
B- Effective
C- Technological
D- Analytic
A- Conceptually systematic
The domain of ABA that states that our procedures can be widely applicable, serving different populations, behaviors and settings, is

A- Generality
B- Technological
C- Applied
D- Analytic
A- Generality
The domain of ABA that states that the focus of our intervention is at the level of the behavior, and not at the level of the organisms or group is

A- Effective
B- Technological
C-Conceptually systematic
D- Behavioral
D- Behavioral
The domain of ABA that states that we make decisions based on data is

A- Conceptually systematic
B- Technological
C- Effective
D- Analytic
D- Analytic
The domain of ABA that states that "this stuff works" is

A- Effective
B- Applied
C- Generality
D- Technological
A- Effective
The assumption of science that states that the simplest explanation is likely the correct explanation is

A- Replication
B- Determinism
C- Parsimony
D- Empiricism
C- Parsimony
The assumption of science that states that all natural phenomena, including behavior, have an identifiable cause is

A- Determinism
B- Empiricism
C- Replication
D- Parsimony
A- Determinism
The assumption of science that states that we should always question findings, especially in the light of new evidence is

A- Parsimony
B- Determinism
C-Empiricism
D- Philosophical doubt
D- Philosophical doubt
In basic research we select behaviors that are _________ to observe A- convenient B- socially significant C- important D- challengingA- convenientIn applied research we have a higher degree of ________ but a lower degree of __________ A- social validity; successful outcomes B- social validity; experimental control C- experimental control; manipulation of the relevant variables D- experimental control; social validityB- social validity; experimental controlAn example of an applied problem that would be addressed in ABA is A- increasing level pressing B- decreasing non-disruptive foot tapping C- establishing equivalence relationships with nonsense syllables D- decreasing aggressive behaviorD- decreasing aggressive behaviorThe best rule of thumb for evaluating a procedure description as technological is to ask whether a typically trained reader could ___________ A- decide when to terminate services B- create their own intervention C- replicate that procedure D- interpret the results of the interventionC- replicate that procedureThe question of whether or not a program was effective is a(n) _______________ A- impossible one B- objective one C- practical one D- scientific oneC- practical oneA behavioral change may be said to have generality of it proves to be _______________ over time. A- socially significant B- replicated C- discontinued D- durableD- durableIn the 1987 article, B, W and R discuss the advent of ____________________ as a major advancement in the behavioral dimension A- behavioral assessment B- direct observation C- excel D- video recordingA- behavioral assessmentA change in the conceptual dimension that occurred after 1968 and was discussed in the B, W and R (1987) article is the introduction of A- differential reinforcement B- punishment procedures C- setting events D- discriminative stimuliC- setting eventsIn the 1987 article there was significant discussion on how to make generalization procedures more technological so that others could replicate and expand on the results of intervention. This was described as an advancement in the __________ domain. A- conceptually systematic B- behavioral C- generality D- appliedC- generalityAn area that is still lacking in ABA within the effective domain is A- software to help graph and analyze data B- reliable social validity measures C- effective procedures D- well-written procedural manualsB- reliable social validity measuresIncluded in the definition of behavior is the movement of the skeletal muscles, the smooth muscles and the A- environment B- motivation C- glands D- mindC- glandsWhich of these is definitely not a behavior A- remembering B- being thirsty C- imagining D- sweatingB- being thirstyThe environment includes anything surrounding the organism, as well as everything beneath the skin that the organism can perceive A- True B- FalseA- TrueStimuli in the external environment are perceived through ___________________, whereas stimuli in the internal environment are perceived through __________________. A- our eyes and ears; our gut B- propioceptors; exteroceptors C- exteroceptors; interoceptors D- propioceptors; interoceptorsC- exteroceptors; interoceptorsReflexive behaviors are A- not studied in ABA B- stable and predictable C- maleable and suceptible to change D- uncommitted behaviorB- stable and predictableThe selection of consequences within one's lifetime is called A- phylogeny B- natural selection C- Darwinism D- ontogenyD- ontogenySelection by consequences means that only our best and most adaptive behavior is selected, which helps us survive A- True B- FalseB- FalseEmotional responses A- cause observable behaviors B- are often respondent behaviors C- are a hypothetical construct D- are not behavior since they cannot be observedB- are often respondent behaviorsWhen organisms engage in escape or avoidance behavior it is often because they A- prefer to be alone B- are experiencing an unpleasant emotion C- don't know that it is safe D- are stubbornB- are experiencing an unpleasant emotionThere are many reasons why human behavior is extremely complex and hard to nail down with a simple A-B-C analysis. One of them is the influence of A- a wide variety of unconditioned aversive stimuli B- potent reinforcers C- rule-governed behavior D- nothing. all behavior is easily accounted for in a 3-term contingencyC- rule-governed behaviorWhen a reinforcing stimulus is presented following a specific behavior, that behavior will A- have a higher likelihood of occuring in the future B- be more likely to occur again immediately C- increase D- improveA- have a higher likelihood of occuring in the futureThe term temporal contiguity refers to the way in which stimuli and responses occur A- for varying durations B- closely in distance C- closely in time D- frequentlyC- closely in timeSecondary reinforcers are established through A- biological bases for the importance of the stimuli to the individual B- universal agreements on what is reinforcing C- societal expectations of what is good D- pairing with primary or established reinforcersD- pairing with primary or established reinforcersAversive stimuli are present in both punishing and reinforcing contingencies A- True B- FalseA- TrueWhen we apply an aversive stimulus following a behavior, and the behavior is less likely to occur in the future, this is an example of: A- positive punishment B- negative punishment C- positive reinforcement D- negative reinforcementA- positive punishmentPrimary or unlearned aversive stimuli are established through A- repeated punishment B- the removal of positive reinforcers C- associations with already established aversive stimuli D- biological bases for the importance of the stimuli to the individualD- biological bases for the importance of the stimuli to the individualThe main difference between escape and avoidance behavior is that A- in avoidance the aversive stimulus is present whereas in escape it is not B- escape is a form of negative reinforcement and avoidance is a form of negative punishment C- in escape the aversive stimulus is present, whereas in avoidance it is not D- there are primary aversive stimuli under escape and only secondary aversive stimuli under avoidanceC- in escape the aversive stimulus is present, whereas in avoidance it is notIt is extremely important to recognize the distinction between the ______________ and the ______________ in order to avoid a circular argument for what positive reinforcement is. A- antecedent, consequence B- stimulus, response C- stimulus, reinforcer D- individual, behavior???The main difference between a ratio schedule and an interval schedule of reinforcement is that in ratio schedules ____________________ whereas in interval schedules ________________ A- some time must pass before the behavior is reinforced; no time must pass before the behavior is reinforced B- the number of responses is variable; the number of responses is fixed C- behaviors are reinforced intermittently; behaviors are reinforced continuously D- the number of responses is what counts; the first response after some time is what counts???Why would variable schedules result in more steady rates of responding vs. fixed schedules? A- because reinforcement is more frequent during variable schedules than fixed schedules B- because reinforcement is more frequent during fixed schedules than variable schedules C- because the reinforcement schedule is unpredictable D- because the reinforcement schedule is predictableC- because the reinforcement schedule is unpredictableOne important difference between different types of compound schedules of reinforcement is that they are either A- discriminated or not discriminated B- fair or unfair C- fixed or variable D- continuous or intermittentA- discriminated or not discriminatedChained schedules of reinforcement are common schedules that we encounter in our daily lives that are signaled (discriminated) AND sequential. A- True B- FalseA- TrueIn DRA the replacement behavior should be A- new to the person's repertoire B- more effortful than the problem behavior C- functionally equivalent to the problem behavior D- incompatible with the problem behaviorC- functionally equivalent to the problem behaviorSome common unconditioned punishers include A- shaming B- pain C- disaproval D- reprimandsB- painIt is important that punishers (and reinforcers) be delivered immediately after the target behavior occurs. This reflects the principle of A- spatial contiguity B- temporal contiguity C- temporal continuity D- temporal locusB- temporal contiguityWhat are the two main categories of time-out procedures? A- positive and negative punishment B- ethical and non-ethical C- brief and extended time outs D- exclusion and non-exclusion time outsD- exclusion and non-exclusion time outsIn an exclusion time out, care should be taken to ensure that A- the individual understands why they are being removed B- the time out area is safe and monitored C- appropriate behavior does not receive reinforcement during the time out D- the time out is sufficiently longB- the time out area is safe and monitoredThe primary difference between an NCR schedule and a DRO procedure is that in an NCR we _____________ and in a DRO we _____________ A- provide reinforcement when a specific replacement behavior is ocurring; withold reinforcement when the problem behavior is occurring B- provide reinforcement regardless of which behavior is ocurring; provide reinforcement when an incompatible behavior is occurring C- provide reinforcement regardless of which behavior is ocurring; provide reinforcement when a specific replacement behavior occurs D- provide reinforcement regardless of which behavior is ocurring; withold reinforcement when the problem behavior is occurringD- provide reinforcement regardless of which behavior is ocurring; withold reinforcement when the problem behavior is occurringIn DRA the replacement behavior should be A- new to the person's repertoire B- more effortful than the problem behavior C- incompatible with the problem behavior D- functionally equivalent to the problem behaviorD- functionally equivalent to the problem behaviorSome common unconditioned punishers include A- pain B- disaproval C- shaming D- reprimandsA- painIt is important that punishers (and reinforcers) be delivered immediately after the target behavior occurs. This reflects the principle of A- temporal locus B- spatial contiguity C- temporal contiguity D- temporal continuityC- temporal contiguityA main difference between punishment and extinction is that in punishment behavior is suppressed ____________ and in extinction behavior reduction occurs ________________ A- gradually; rapidly B- rapidly; gradually C- permanently; temporarily D- after the first exposure; after several exposuresB- rapidly; graduallyIt is important to have alternatives to extinction procedures, especially when A- we cannot control all sources of reinforcement B- behavior must decrease rapidly C- the behavior is dangerous D- all of these answers are correctD- all of these answers are correctWhen using a response cost procedure it is important to make sure there is sufficient reinforcement reserves available. One way to do this is to A- use an existing cache response cost procedure B- use a bonus response cost procedure C- not use response cost D-use positive punishment insteadB- use a bonus response cost procedureWhen using extinction, a previously _____________ schedule of reinforcement makes extinction more effective and efficient A- continuous B- fixed C- variable D- intermittentA- continuousValue altering effects from motivating operations ________________ A- establish SDs for future access to reinforcement B- make behavior more likely in the future C- permanently alter the value of a reinforcer D- temporarily alter the value of a reinforcerD- temporarily alter the value of a reinforcerMotivating operations have ____________________ effects, while reinforcement and punishment have ______________________ effects A- lasting; temporary B- value altering; function altering C- function altering; value altering D- minimal; substantialB- value altering; function alteringManipulating motivating operations is an effective way to increase reinforcer effectiveness and promotes more efficient learning (i.e., fewer learning trials needed). A- True B- FalseA- TrueSelf-management is an effective way to apply behavior analysis strategies to our own behaviors, except for A- perseverative thinking B- living a healthy lifestyle C- severe problem behavior D- changing bad habitsC- severe problem behaviorPeople with disabilities cannot use self-management strategies A- True B- FalseB- FalseIn interdependent group contingencies ________ of the members of the group must meet criteria before _______ of the members of the group receive reinforcement A- all; any B- most; one C- one; any D- some; someA- all; anyUnderstanding an individual's motivating operations is particularly important when establishing which verbal operant? A- intraverbal B- tact C- mand D- echoicC- mandIn a ____________________ CMO, the stimulus event that functions as an MO comes to have its effect through its association with the reinforcing stimulus. For example: When I miss my old dog, Layla, I look at pictures of her and it makes me smile. Looking at pictures is reinforcing because they are associated with the positive memories I have of her. The pictures make her memory more pleasant and thus function as this type of CMO. A- reflexive B- transitive C- surrogate D- discriminatedC- surrogateIn a _________________ CMO, the reinforcing or punishing stimulus comes to have its value when it is signaled by a worsening or improving situation. For example: It has been over an hour since you boarded the plane and it has not moved. You have not received any information from the flight crew, and you are contemplating hijacking the plane and flying it yourself (figuratively, of course). As you plot your course, a flight attendant comes on over the loudspeaker and announces that the plane will be taking off shortly. Although the plane has not started moving yet, you begin to breathe more slowly and start to plan your movie and snacks for the flight. The announcement makes the plans to hijack the plane useless, and thus functioned as this type of CMO. A- reflexive B- surrogate C- transitive D- discriminatedA- reflexiveEvocative/abative refers to the likelihood that a behavior will occur, while establishing/abolishing refers to the value of the reinforcer in a given moment. A- True B- FalseA- True