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chapter 26

Terms in this set (50)

Which organ is not part of the gastrointestinal tract?

Esophagus
Large intestine
Stomach
Oral cavity
Liver
liver
Which organ is not considered an accessory digestive organ?

Tongue
Teeth
Pancreas
Salivary glands
Pharynx
pharynx
Peristalsis

is under voluntary control.
involves the opening and closing of muscular sphincters.
involves back-and-forth movement for mixing.
is the alternating contraction of muscle layers in the GI tract wall that propels materials through the tract.
All of the choices are correct.
is the alternating contraction of muscle layers in the GI tract wall that propels materials through the tract
The initial site of both mechanical and chemical digestion is the

stomach.
small intestine.
esophagus.
oral cavity.
pharynx.
oral cavity
Where are the transverse palatine folds located?

Soft palate
Glossopalatine arch
Hard palate
Pharyngopalatine arch
Labial frenulum
hard palate
Which bones form the hard palate?

Palatine bones
Maxillae and inferior nasal conchae
Ethmoid and sphenoid bones
Palatine bones and maxillae
Maxillae and sphenoid
palatine bones AND maxillae
The lining of the gastrointestinal tract that allows for absorption and secretion is

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
nonkeratinized stratfied squamous epithelium.
areolar connective tissue.
simple columnar epithelium.
simple squamous epithelium.
simple columnar epithelium
Lipid molecules that are absorbed from the GI tract enter

mesenteric arteries.
mesenteric veins.
lymphatic capillaries.
the liver.
lymphatic capillaries
The type of receptor within the GI tract wall that detects stretch is the

steroid receptor.
chemoreceptor.
mechanoreceptor.
retroperitoneal proprioceptor.
mechanorecpetor
Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors are found in the

adventitia of the upper portion of the GI tract.
epithelium of the inferior portion of the GI tract.
mucosa and submucosa of the GI tract along its length.
myenteric plexus of the mucosa of the intestine.
muscularis interna of the entire length of the GI tract.
mucosa and submocusa of the GI tract along its length
In some digestive reflexes, the facial nerve stimulates salivary glands; the salivary glands are acting as

afferents.
receptors.
efferents.
effectors.
control centers.
effectors
Secretin is a hormone that is secreted by the

stomach.
small intestine.
large intestine.
liver.
pancreas.
small intestine
Which of the following is considered to be one of the primary digestive system hormones?

Bile
Gastrin
Hydrochloric acid
Pancreatic amylase
gastrin
An enzyme found within saliva is salivary

pancreatase.
nuclease.
amylase.
protease.
pepsin.
amylase
The lingual salivary glands are

unicellulilar endocrine glands.
unicellulilar exocrine glands.
multicellulilar endocrine glands.
multicellulilar exocrine glands.
unicellular exocrine glands
Most saliva is produced by the _________ gland.

parotid
submandibular
sublingual
lingual
buccal
submandibular
Lysozyme within saliva primarily functions to

moisten and disperse food.
initiate the chemical breakdown of starch.
inhibit bacterial growth.
wash materials off teeth.
inhibit bacterial growth
The mastication center is located in the _____________ of the brain.

hippocampus and amygdala
medulla and pons
hypothalamus
entorhinal cortex and basal nuclei
solitary nucleus
medulla and pons
Mastication is a process that facilitates

propulsion of materials through the intestine, and it involves simultaneous secretion of enzymes.
mixing of food within the stomach, and it occurs with simultaneous hormone secretion there.
swallowing of food, and it increases the surface area of the food for exposure to enzymes.
absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream, and it involves carrier proteins in the epithelium.
swallowing of food, and it increases the surface area of the food for exposure to enzymes
The projections on the superior surface of the tongue, some of which house taste buds, are the

tonsils.
cilia.
rugae.
glossal spines.
papillae.
papillae
Late one night, while studying for your anatomy class, you open a box of saltine crackers to do a little snacking. After chewing on a starchy morsel for a few minutes, you begin to notice a sweet taste in your mouth. What accounts for this?

"Sweet" taste receptors are slower to respond than others
Activity of bacteria in the mouth lowers the pH
Esophageal reflux
Salivary amylase activity
Phagocytosis by the pharyngeal tonsils produces by-products that taste sweet
salivary amylase acitivity
Which of the following statements is true about teeth?

The primary component of teeth is dentin.
The outer surface of enamel forms the crown of a tooth.
The root is covered by cementum.
All of the choices are correct.
all
The deciduous teeth are the _________ teeth, and there are a total of ____ deciduous teeth.

milk; 8
milk; 20
wisdom; 4
permanent; 20
permanent; 28
milk, 20
The term "canines" describes the teeth that

are most anterior, used for slicing and cutting.
are lateral to the incisors, used for puncturing and tearing.
bear dental cusps for cutting and grinding.
are only found as permanent teeth.
are lateral to the incisors, used for puncturing and tearing
Which is the layer of the serous membrane that directly covers the surface of internal organs?

Omental layer
Visceral peritoneum
Parietal peritoneum
Rectal peritoneum
Muscularis mucosa
visceral peritoneum
Which is not a fold of peritoneum that forms a mesentery?

Lesser omentum
Falciform ligament
Mesentery proper
Mesocolon
Intraperitoneal ligament
intraperitoneal ligament
Which peritoneal fold supports the large intestine?

Greater omentum
Lesser omentum
Falciform ligament
Mesocolon
Peritoneal ligament
mesocolon
Which organ is retroperitoneal?

Stomach
Jejunum
Transverse colon
Pancreas
Cecum
pancreas
The gastroenterologist has just determined that you have a blockage in your jejunum and he will have to perform surgery, making a small incision in the wall to remove the obstruction. Which tunic will be cut first?

Mucosa
Submucosa
Tunica muscularis
Serosa
Adventitia
serosa
For the majority of the GI tract, which layer(s) of the wall contain smooth muscle?

Muscularis only
Mucosa and adventitia
Serosa only
Mucosa and muscularis
Submucosa and muscularis
mucosa and musclaris
The esophagus

secretes digestive enzymes from its mucosa.
is located anterior to the trachea.
opens to the stomach at the pyloric sphincter.
contains both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.
is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
contains both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers
Stenosis (constriction) of the pyloric sphincter would interfere with

passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.
peristalsis.
passage of a bolus into the stomach.
passage of chyme into the duodenum.
mucus secretion.
passage of chyme into the duodenum
Manufacturers of some medications used to treat heartburn advertise that their products shut down the acid-producing pumps in the stomach. Where are these "acid-producing pumps"? In other words, which type of gastric gland cell secretes acid?

Chief cells
Parietal cells
Mucous neck cells
Surface mucous cells
Enteroendocrine cells
parietal cells
Which phase of digestion involves the thought, smell, and sight of food?

Gastric phase
Cephalic phase
Enteric phase
Colic phase
cephaic phase
"Segmentation" within the small intestine refers to the

propulsion of material between the segments of the GI tract.
division of function between the different segments of the small intestine.
back-and-forth motion that mixes chyme with glandular secretions.
gastroileal reflex that moves materials from the stomach to the large intestine.
back and forth motion
Villi

are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
generate movement of materials in the large intestine.
increase surface area in the small intestine.
contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.
All of the choices are correct.
increase surface area in the small intestine
Which of the following is the correct sequence of regions of the small
intestine, from beginning to end?

Ileum - duodenum - jejunum
Jejunum - duodenum - ileum
Duodenum - ileum - jejunum
Ileum - jejunum - duodenum
Duodenum - jejunum - ileum
duo- jej- ile
What is the correct order for the list of structures of the large intestine, starting at the cecum and ending at the rectum?a: Left colic flexureb: Ascending colonc: Transverse colond: Right colic flexuree: Sigmoid colonf: Descending colon

f, c, d, e, a, b
b, d, c, a, f, e
e, b, a, c, d, f
b, a, c, d, f, e
e, b, d, c, a, f
BDCAFE
Which is (are) not found in the wall of the large intestine?

Goblet cells
Simple columnar epithelium
Lymphatic nodules
Villi
Intestinal glands
villi
Bacteria within the large intestine are called

indigenous macrobiota.
indigenous microbiota.
exogenous macrobiota.
exogenous microbiota.
indigenous micrbobiot
What material is transported in the sinusoids of the liver?

Bile
Arterial blood
Venous blood
Mixed arterial and venous blood
Hepatic juice
mixed artieral and venous blood
Which is not a lobe of the liver?

Right lobe
Caudate lobe
Round lobe
Quadrate lobe
Left lobe
round lobe
The pancreas is located primarily on the ______ side of the body, and it produces an _______ juice that is rich in a variety of enzymes.

left, acidic
left, alkaline
right, acidic
right, alkaline
left, alkaline
The presence of fatty chyme in the small intestine stimulates it to release _______, which causes the _____.

gastrin; liver to secrete an alkaline solution
CCK; gallbladder to release bile
CCK; stomach to increase gastric secretion
secretin; stomach to increase motility
secretin; pancreas to release acidic pancreatic juice
CCKm gallbladder to relaease bild
Amylase from saliva digests

lipids.
protein.
glucose.
starch.
starch
Digestion of carbohydrates within the small intestine involves enzymes that come from thea: mouth.b: stomach.c: pancreas.d: lining of the small intestine.
a, b
b, c
c, d
a, d
a, b, c, d
CD
Pepsinogen is an

active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.
inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.
active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.
inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.
inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach
Proteolytic enzymes secreted from the pancreas are activated

once they reach the pancreatic duct.
within the lumen of the small intestine.
in secretory vesicles within pancreatic secretory cells.
once they reach the large intestine.
within the lumen of the small intestine
Bile salts are

amphipathic.
completely hydrophilic.
completely hydrophobic.
amphipathic
Nucleic acids are digested within the

mouth.
stomach.
small intestine.
pancreas.
large intestine.
small intestine
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