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computer science chapter 2

Terms in this set (87)

all-in-one computer
...a desktop system unit that houses the computer's processor, memory, and monitor in a single unit
all in one printer
...combines the functions of a printer, scanner, copier, and fax into one machine
application software
the set of programs on a computer that helps a user carry out tasks such as word processing, sending email, balancing a budget, creating presentations, editing photos, taking an online course, and playing games
aspect ratio
the width to height proportion of a monitor
binary digit (bit)
... a digit that corresponds to the on and off states of a computer switches. A bit contains the value of item 0 or 1
binary language
...the language computers used to process data into information, consisting of only the values 0 & 1
Bluetooth technology
...a type of wireless technology that uses radio waves to transmit data over short distances
Blu ray disc
...a method of optical storage for digital data, developed for storing high definition media
Byte
...eight binary digits
central processing unit
...the part of the system unit of a computer that is responsible for data processing
cloud storage
...the process of storing data, files, and applications of the web, which allow access to and manipulation of the files and applications from any Internet connected device
cold boot
...the process of starting a computer from a powered down or off state
compact disc
...a method of optical storage for digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio
computer
...a data processing device that gathers, processes, outputs, and stores data and information
connectivity port
...support that enables a computing device to be connected to other devices or systems such as networks, modems, and the Internet
data
...numbers, words, pictures, or sounds that represent facts, figures, or ideas. The raw input that users have at the start of a job
desktop computer
...a computer that's intended for you said a single location. A desktop computer consists of a case that houses the main components of the computer, plus peripheral devices
Digital video disc
...a method of optical storage for digital data that has greater storage capacity than compact discs
digital video interface port
...video interface technology that new or LCD monitors, as well as other multimedia devices such as televisions, DVD players, and projectors, used to connect to a PC
drive bay
...a special shelf inside a computer that is designed to hold storage devices
embedded computer
...especially designed computer chip that resides inside another device, such as a car. These self-contained computer devices have their own programming and typically neither receive input from users nor interact with other systems
Ergonomics
...how a user setup is your her computer and other equipment to minimize risk of injury or discomfort
Ethernet port
...a port that slightly larger than a standard phone jack and that transfers data speeds up to 10,000 megabytes per second, used to connect a computer to a DSL or cable modem or to a network
expansion cards
...a circuit board with specific functions that augment the computers basic functions and provide connections to other devices, examples include the sound card and the video card
external hard drive
...a hard drive that is enclosed in a protective case to make it portable, the drive is connected to the computer with a data transfer cable and is often used to back up data
firewire 800
...an interface port that transfers data at 800 megabytes per second
flash drive
...a drive that plugs into a universal serial bus port on a computer and that stores data digitally. Also called a USB Drive, jump drive, or thumb drive
flash memory card
...a form of portable storage, this removable memory card is often used in digital cameras, smart phones, video cameras and printers
gigabyte
...about a billion bytes
gigahertz
...1 billion hertz
hard disk drive
...the computers non-volatile, primary storage device for permanent storage of software and documents
hardware
...any part of a computer or computer system you can physically touch
hibernate
...a power management mode that saves the current state of the current system to the computer's hard drive
High definition multimedia interface port
...a compact audio video interface standard that carries both high-definition video and uncompressed digital audio
impact printer
...a printer that has tiny hammer like keys that strike the paper through an inked ribbon, thus making a mark on the paper. The most common impact printer is the dot-matrix printer
information
...data that has been organized or presented in a meaningful fashion, the result, or output that users require at the end of a job
inkjet printer
...a non impact printer that sprays tiny drops of ink onto paper
input device
...a hardware device used to enter, or input, data and instructions into a computer
internal hard drive
...a hard drive that resides within the computer system unit and that usually holds all permanently stored programs and data
kilobyte
...a unit of a computer storage equal to approximately 1000 bytes
laser printer
...a non impact printer known for quick and quiet production and high quality printouts
legacy technology
...comprises computing devices, software, or peripherals that use techniques, parts, and methods from an earlier time that are no longer popular
light emitting diode (LED)
...a newer, more energy efficient technology used in monitors. It may result in better color accuracy and thinner panels than traditional LCD monitors
liquid crystal display. LCD
...the technology used in flat panel computer monitors
mainframe
...a large, expensive computer that support hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously and executes many different programs at the same time
megabyte
...a unit of computer storage equal to approximately 1 million bytes
monitor
...a common output device that displays text, graphics, and video as soft copies
motherboard
...a special circuit board in the system unit that contains the central processing unit, the memory chips, and the slots available for expansion cards. All of the other boards connect to it to receive power and to communicate
netbook
...a computing device that runs a full featured operating system but that weighs 2 pounds or less
network interface card, NIC
...an expansion card that enables a computer to connect other computers or to a cable modem to facilitate a high speed internet connection
non impact printer
...a printer that sprays ink or uses laser beams to make marks on the paper. Most common non impact printers inkjet and laser printers
nonvolatile storage
...permanent storage, as in read only memory
operating system
...the system software that controls the way in which a computer system functions, including the management of hardware, peripherals and software
optical drive
...a hardware device that uses laser light to read from, and even write to, CDs, DVDs, or blu-ray discs
optical mouse
...a mouse that uses an internal sensor or laser to control the mouse's movement. the sensors send signals to the computer, telling it where to move the pointer on the screen
organic light emitting diode displays
...displays that use organic compounds to produce light when exposed to an electric current. , do not require a back late to function and therefore draw west power and have a much better display
output device
...a device that sends processed data and information out of a computer in the form of text, pictures, sounds, or video
petabyte
...10^15 bytes of digital information
peripheral device
...a device such as a monitor, printer or keyboard that connects to the system unit through a data port
pixel
...a single point that creates the images on a computer monitor. Pixels are illuminated by an electron beam that passes rapidly back and forth across the back of the screen so that the pixels appear to glow continuously
plotter
...a large printer that uses a computer controlled pen to produce oversized pictures that require precise continuous lines to be drawn such as maps and architectural plans
port
...and interface through which external devices are connected to the computer
power supply
...a power supply regulates the wall voltage to voltage is required by a computer chips, its house inside the system unit
processing
manipulating or organizing data into information
projector
...a device that can project images from your computer onto a wall or viewing screen
QWERTY keyboard
... a keyboard that gets its name from the first six letters on the top left row of alphabetic keys on the keyboard
random access memory
...the computer's temporary storage space or short term memory. it's located in a set of chips on the system unit's motherboard, and its capacity is measured in megabytes or gigabytes
read only memory
...a set of memory chips located on the motherboard, which stores data and instructions that cannot be changed or erased. It holds all the instructions the computer needs to start up
resolution
...the clearness or sharpness of an image, which is controlled by the number of pixels displayed on the screen
scanner
...a type of input device the input images into a computer
sleep mode
...hey lopez our mode for electronic devices adjust computers that saves electric power consumption save the last few settings. When the devices woken up, work is resumes more quickly then when cold booting the computer
software
...the set of computer programs or instructions that tell the computer what to do and that enables it to perform different tasks
solid state drive
...a storage device that uses the same kind of memory that flash drives use but that can reach data and only a tenth of the time a flash drive requires
sound card
...an expansion card that attaches to the motherboard inside the system unit and that enables the computer to produce sounds by providing a connection for the speakers and microphone
supercomputer
a specially designed computer that can perform complex calculations extremely rapidly. Used in situations in which complex models requiring intensive mathematical calculations are needed
surround sound speaker
...hey system of speakers setup in such a way that surrounds entire area with sound
system software
...the set of programs that enables the computers hardware devices and application software to work together, it includes the operating system and utility programs
system unit
...the metal or plastic case that holds all the physical parts of the computer together, including computer's processor, its memory, and the many circuit boards to help the computer function
terabyte
...2^40 bytes
thermal printer
...a printer that works either by melting wax based ink on to ordinary paper or by burning dogs into specially coated paper
Thunderbolt port
...a high-speed input / output port. Thunderbolt 2 provides two channels of 20 gigabytes per second capacity on one port
Ultrabook
...a full featured but lightweight laptop that features a low-power processor in a solid state drive. It tries to reduce its size and weight to extend battery life without sacrificing performance
Universal serial bus port
...a port that can connect a wide variety of peripheral devices to the computer, including keyboards, printers, mice, smartphones, external hard drives, flash drives and digital cameras
video card
...an expansion card that's installed inside a system unit to translate binary data into the images viewed on the monitor
Video Graphics Array port
...a port to which a cathode ray tube monitor connects
volatile storage
...temporary storage, such as a random access memory.when the power is off, the data and volatile storage is cleared out
warm boot
...the process of restarting the system while it's powered on
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