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his101 - ch. 12 practice questions

Terms in this set (161)

The cult of classical learning and literature had its origins in _______.

- Medieval royal courts
- Early Christian monastic life
- The Protestant Reformation
- A radical new sect of intellectuals
Early Christian monastic life
The idea of humanism _______.

- Was brand new during the Renaissance
- Was very traditional in Renaissance culture
- Was not new, but the Renaissance increased focus on it
- Was only invented long after the Renaissance
Was not new, but the Renaissance increased focus on it
Renaissance statecraft was a break from the medieval way of looking at government, which focused on _______.

- A state as independent from the people in it
- The state as a network of personal relationships
- The state as the result of the will of the people
- The state as inherently religious
The state as a network of personal relationships
The lack of a bias against trade and commerce among Italian aristocrats encouraged _______.

- The death of the Italian middle class
- Development of ties between the aristocracy and the middle class
- A focus on trade to the detriment of art
- Increased democracy
Development of ties between the aristocracy and the middle class
The word for writing in the common tongue of a particular location is _______.
vernacular
Castiglione's work depicting the ideal humanist aristocrat is called _______.
The Courtier
Christian humanists tended to be anticlerical, which meant they were _______.

- Anti-Catholic
- Against everything religious
- Against the monopoly of authority by priests
- Anti-reform
Against the monopoly of authority by priests
Many of Erasmus' most famous works, like "The Praise of Folly," are what type of writing?
satire
Did Martin Luther see himself more as a restorer, or a revolutionary?
restorer
According to Luther's theology, knowledge of how to be a Christian comes from ________.

- The writings of the Church Fathers
- Priests of the Church
- The teachings of the Church
- Only the Bible
Only the Bible
Luther was excommunicated from the Church when _______.

- He publicly cursed the Pope
- He debated the concept of indulgences
- He refused to retract his Ninety-Five Theses
- He was not excommunicated; he left on his own
He refused to retract his Ninety-Five Theses
The German Peasants' Revolt was sparked in part by _______.

- Luther's rejection of indulgences
- The Pope's excommunication of Luther
- German rebellion against Rome
- Luther's insistence on the equality of all believers
Luther's insistence on the equality of all believers
Anabaptists believe in _______.

- Baptism every time you sin
- Baptism only as an infant
- Baptism as an adult
- That baptism is a sin
Baptism as an adult
Calvin's belief that the ultimate fate of every person is sealed is called _______.
predestination
Which of these groups followed Calvinist theology? (Select all that apply.)

- Anglicans
- Huguenots
- Puritans
- Presbyterians
Huguenots, Puritans, Presbyterians
The head of the Church of England is _______.

- The monarch
- Parliament
- The Archbishop of Canterbury
- The Bishop of London
The monarch
The monarch who moderated between Catholic and Protestant subjects and founded a compromise Church of England was _______.

- Henry VIII
- Edward VI
- Mary I
- Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I
The Pope who called for a council to study the reform of Catholic life was _______.

- Paul III
- John Paul II
- Gregory the Great
- Urban II
Paul III
The Council of Trent _______.

- Attempted to compromise with Protestantism
- Wanted to bring some Protestants back into the fold, while rejecting others
- Proposed reforms to Church doctrines
- Reaffirmed Church doctrines, but proposed improvements in how they were taught
Reaffirmed Church doctrines, but proposed improvements in how they were taught
The monastic order founded to defend and propagate the faith during the Reformation were the _______.
Society of Jesus
The main legacy of the Jesuits was _______.

- The total reform of Church doctrine
- The compromise which brought many Protestants back to Catholicism
- A set of schools, which they founded all over the world
- The beginning of a tradition of warrior-monks
A set of schools, which they founded all over the world
What brought Jan Hus to be burned as a heretic was _______.

- His declaration of Lutheran beliefs
- His criticism of Catholic theology
- His criticism of corruption in Rome
- His attempt to break away and found a new church
His criticism of corruption in Rome
Being granted the status of a millet in the Ottoman Empire meant that the Orthodox were _______.

- Heavily persecuted
- Self-governing
- Subject to higher taxes
- Forced to convert or leave
Self-governing
Renaissance intellectuals wanted to restore civilization to the level of

a. ancient Egypt
b. the Roman Empire
c. classical Greece and Rome
d. the Persian Empire
c. classical Greece and Rome
Renaissance intellectuals searched out lost classical manuscripts primarily from

a. ancient ruins
b. libraries
c. memory
d. buried cities
b. libraries
The Renaissance concept of statecraft as a science differed from the medieval in that it

a. based itself on personal relationships
b. played an active role in government
c. failed to take control of the state
d. rejected personal relationships
d. rejected personal relationships
Machiavelli argues that a prince's first duty is to

a. secure his own power
b. be a pious Catholic
c. maintain moral government
d. support the arts
a. secure his own power
Castiglione's The Courtier depicts the idea nobleman as

a. a moral example
b. politically astute
c. only a powerful warrior
d. elegant and cultured
d. elegant and cultured
Christian humanism tended to be

a. anti-clerical
b. secular
c. avowedly loyal to the Catholic Church
d. pagan
a. anti-clerical
Erasmus is best known as a

a. humorist
b. satirist
c. playwright
d. singer
b. satirist
The Protestant Reformation was triggered by

a. Erasmus
b. Jan Hus
c. Martin Luther
d. John Wyclif
c. Martin Luther
Luther's doctrine is based on

a. the supremacy of the Pope
b. justification by faith alone
c. rejection of Christianity
d. the truth of Catholic tradition
b. justification by faith alone
Charles V was distracted from dealing with Luther because of the threat from the

a. Ottoman Turks
b. Magyars
c. Vikings
d. French
a. Ottoman Turks
In 1529, Ottoman forces besieged Vienna under

a. Mehmet the Conqueror
b. Genghis Khan
c. Saladin
d. Suleiman the Magnificent
d. Suleiman the Magnificent
One of the primary developments of John Calvin's doctrine was

a. salvation by faith
b. the primacy of the Bible
c. predestination
d. the role of grace in salvation
c. predestination
Protestant belief in strong leaders who enforced moral behavior led to

a. a patriarchal leadership
b. more individual freedom
c. a democratic society
d. more matriarchal authority
a. a patriarchal leadership
The Council of Trent

a. compromised with Protestants
b. did nothing
c. refused to compromise Catholic doctrine
d. promoted holy war
c. refused to compromise Catholic doctrine
The Jesuit order believed that ____ was an essential part of a Christian life

a. believing the Bible was literally true
b. converting the heathen
c. fighting in holy wars
d. good works
d. good works
True/False

Renaissance humanism was concerned with developing the potential of the individual.
true
True/False

The crises of the fourteenth century had made people doubt the rationalism of the medieval era.
true
True/False

The concentration of wealth and power in cities encouraged artistic and intellectual life.
true
True/False

The widespread use of the vernacular in literature did not begin until after the Renaissance.
false
True/False

The northern Renaissance prized the same humanist values as the Italian Renaissance did.
false
True/False

The sale of indulgences was the trigger for Luther's rebellion against the Catholic Church.
true
True/False

Luther's support gave the Peasants' Revolt legitimacy.
false
True/False

Protestant churches were more concerned with sexuality than their Catholic counterpart.
true
True/False

More's Utopia described a hellish, horrific society.
false
True/False

The Index of Forbidden Books included scientists and intellectuals as well as Protestant theologians.
true
the Renaissance period was from ___
1350 - 1563
who founded the Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits?
St. Ignacio de Loyola
what year did St. Ignacio de Loyola found the Jesuits?
1540
movement initiated by Martin Luther that sought to re-create what he believed to be Christian belief & practice as they had existed in the apostolic church
Protestant Reformation
(1509-1564): French-born theologian & reformer whose radical form of Protestantism, known as Calvinism, was adopted in many Swiss Cities, notably Geneva
John Calvin
Luther's understanding that one attains salvation not through the purchasing of indulgences or other outward acts but simply by having faith in Christ
justification by faith alone
donations to the Catholic Church as a means of satisfying the requirements for the forgiveness of sin
indulgences
general reform of Catholic life initiated by the Council of Trent (1546-1563)
Catholic Reformation (or Counter-Reformation)
(1483-1546): a German monk who started the Protestant Reformation in 1517 by challenging the practices & doctrines of the Catholic Church & advocating salvation through faith alone
Martin Luther
what year did the Protestant Reformation begin?
1517
the doctrine of John Calvin that God preordained salvation or damnation for each person before Creation; those chosen for salvation were considered the "elect"
predestination
(ca. 1469-1536): Dutchborn scholar, social commentator, & Christian humanist whose new translation of the Bible influenced the theology of Martin Luther
Erasmus
a list, published by Martin Luther in 1517, of assertions condemning the theology of indulgences
Ninety-Five Theses
ecumenical council convened from 1546 to 1563 to address the challenges of Protestantism by clarifying the teachings & practices of the Catholic Church
Council of Trent
a literary & linguistic movement cultivated particularly during the Renaissance & founded on reviving classical Latin & Greek texts, styles, & values
humanism
a widespread popular rebellion in the German-speaking areas of central Europe from 1524-1525
German Peasants' Revolt
formed communities with strictly regulated lifestyles, which included giving up worldly possessions, living chaste, attending divine services for many hours each day, preaching sermons, & reading aloud from Scripture during meals
Brethren of the Common Life
who founded the Brethren of the Common Life?
Gerard Groote
anticlerical movement of the northern Renaissance that emphasized the simple reading of scripture (especially the New Testament), the singing of hymns, & communal prayer
Christian humanism
who built the Sistine Chapel, established the Spanish Inquisition, & developed the Vatican Library?
Pope Sixtus IV
usually regarded as the father of humanism & the first Renaissance writer
Francesco Petrarch
involved understanding systems of law, taxation, & economy
statecraft
where did the Renaissance begin?
Northern Italy (Florence)
where was the first lending library developed in Europe?
Florence
who invented the printing press?
Johanness Gutenberg
around what year was the printing press invented?
1440
known as the "Scourge of Princes"
Pietro Aretino
Pietro Aretino's best play was a comedy called ___
La Cortigiana (The Woman Courtier)
who wrote the Renaissance comedy "La Mandragola" (The Mandrake Root)?
Niccoló Machiavelli
what was Erasmus's most notorious satire?
Julius Excluded from Heaven
what year did Ottoman forces take Constantinople?
1453
What triggered the events that resulted in the formation of the Church of England?
Henry VIII wanted a divorce
The Swiss city-state of Geneva became a model of Protestant morality under the leadership of ___
John Calvin
The main goal of the Jesuits was to defend, restore, and spread the ________ faith.
Catholic
How did Martin Luther react when peasant rebels took up his banner as a means of bringing about social change in Germany?
he denounced the peasants & the rebellion was suppressed
Scholars of the Renaissance broadened the number of commonly read classical manuscripts by _______.

- Reading pagan writers for the first time in centuries.
- Hunting for forgotten manuscripts in libraries.
- Digging up tombs and hunting for artifacts.
- Sticking to early Christian authors so as not to get in trouble with the Church.
Hunting for forgotten manuscripts in libraries.
The idea of humanism _______.
(Select all that apply)

- Was to develop human potential.
- Was to improve each person's inherent holiness.
- Was to assert the dignity of the individual.
- Was to emphasize the connection of all humanity.
Was to develop human potential; Was to assert the dignity of the individual.
Renaissance statecraft involved understanding systems of _______.
(Select all that apply)

- Law
- Education
- Economics
- Diplomacy and negotiation
Law, Economics, Diplomacy and negotiation
By the 14th century, _______ was the most developed urban society in Europe.

- Italy
- England
- France
- Spain
Italy
The famous Renaissance treatise on statecraft called The Prince was written by _______.

- Petrarch
- Machiavelli
- Aretino
- Ariosto
Machiavelli
Christian humanism focused on _______.

- Making people better individuals and citizens.
- Improving scholasticism as a philosophy.
- Making people better Christians.
- Reforming the Catholic Church.
Making people better Christians.
Erasmus was a famous _______.

- Pope
- Humanist
- Atheist
- King
Humanist
According to Luther's theology, salvation was _______.

- Gained through faith in God.
- Earned through good works.
- Granted by a priest.
- Unattainable to the imperfect.
Gained through faith in God.
The Anabaptists broke with Zwingli because they disagreed with his _______.

- Position on baptism.
- Theology of indulgences.
- Alliance with secular authority.
- Return to Roman Catholicism.
Alliance with secular authority.
Instead of Luther's focus on God's mercy, John Calvin stressed God's _______.

- Love.
- Justice.
- Vengeful nature.
- Inherent disinterest in humanity.
Justice
Henry VIII split the Church of England off from Rome because he _______.

- Truly believed in Luther's theology.
- Had fallen under the spell of Calvinism.
- Wanted a divorce from his wife.
- Was jealous of the power of the papacy.
Wanted a divorce from his wife.
The Church of England was a hybrid of which of the following?
(Select all that apply.)

- Catholic theology.
- Catholic ritual.
- Protestant theology.
- Puritan ritual.
Catholic ritual, Protestant theology
St. Ignacio de Loyola founded the _______.

- Benedictines
- Hussites
- Jesuits
- Mennonites
Jesuits
Jan Hus was a _______.

- Czech reformer.
- English heretic.
- Hungarian king.
- Follower of Luther.
Czech reformer.
What year did Cosimo de' Medici assume power in Florence?
1434
What year did the Ottoman Turks lay siege to Vienna?
1529
What year were the Jesuits established as a new Catholic order?
1540
which Sicilian humanist rushed to Constantinople in the years leading up to the Turkish siege & came back with more than 200 manuscripts?
Giovanni Aurispa (1376-1459)
who painted a fresco of the Holy Trinity for the Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence in 1427?
Tommaso Masaccio (1401-1428)
one of the first to use the term "rinascità"
Giorgio Vasari (1511-1574)
statecraft involved understanding systems of ___, ___, & ___
law, taxation, economy
who was the most celebrated of humanist publishers?
Aldus Manutius (1450-1515)
who wrote the first Italian novel?
Giovanni Boccaccio
"justification by faith alone" in latin
sola fide
what pope condemned 41 of the theses within Martin Luther's "Ninety-Five Theses" as heretical, & gave Luther 60 days to withdraw the offending statements?
Pope Leo X
who produced the first-ever translation of the entire Bible into French?
Lefèvre d'Étaples (1455-1536)
who ordered the forced baptism of Muslims of southern Spain & the burning of Arabic manuscripts in the library at Granada?
Cisneros (1436-1517)

(full name: Cardinal Francisco Ximénez de Cisneros)
leader of the Anabaptists
Jan van Leiden (1509-1536)
word that meant the community governed its own internal affairs in accordance with its own laws & customs
millet
who founded the original Church of England or Anglican Church?
Henry VIII
who appointed a commission of high-ranking clerics to investigate Church abuses?
Pope Paul III
who issued a bull condemning the enslavement of the indigenous peoples of the New World in 1537?
Pope Paul III
who confirmed the formation of the Society of Jesus, a teaching & missionary order in 1540?
Pope Paul III
who authorized the creation of the Holy Office; that is, the Roman Inquisition in 1542?
Pope Paul III
who called for the Council of Trent?
Pope Paul III
the company that founded a network of schools for girls across Europe & soon in the New World?
Ursulines ("Company of Saint Ursula")
NAME THE AUTHOR

"On the Church" (De ecclesia)
Jan Hus
NAME THE LITERATURE

commemorates the persecution of Protestants by Mary or Bloody Mary

written by John Foxe
Book of Martyrs
NAME THE AUTHOR

"Book of Martyrs"
John Foxe
NAME THE LITERATURE

compromise that created a hybrid of Catholic ritual & Protestant theology within the Church of England

written by Elizabeth I
Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion
NAME THE AUTHOR

"Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion"
Elizabeth I
NAME THE AUTHOR

"Complutensian Polyglot Bible"
Cisneros

(full name: Cardinal Francisco Ximénez de Cisneros)
NAME THE AUTHOR

"Discourses on Livy"
Machiavelli

(full name: Niccolò Machiavelli)
NAME THE AUTHOR

"Institutes of Christian Religion"
John Calvin
NAME THE AUTHOR

"Julius Excluded from Heaven"
Erasmus
NAME THE AUTHOR

"Ninety-Five Theses"
Luther
NAME THE AUTHOR

"Commentary on the Psalms"
John Calvin
NAME THE LITERATURE

pamphlet that called for a united European front against the Ottomans yet rejected as un-Christian the notion of a crusade

written by Luther in 1529
On the War against the Turks
NAME THE AUTHOR

"On the War against the Turks"
Luther
NAME THE LITERATURE

response to the German Peasants' Revolt

written by Luther
On the Thieving, Murderous Hordes of Peasants
NAME THE AUTHOR

"On the Thieving, Murderous Hordes of Peasants"
Luther
NAME THE LITERATURE

"The Pope is the Antichrist, & the Catholic Church is the most unruly of all thieves' lairs, the most brazen of all brothels, & the Kingdom itself of Sin, Death, & Hell"

written by Luther
On the Roman Papacy: An Institution of the Devil
NAME THE AUTHOR

"On the Roman Papacy: An Institution of the Devil"
Luther
NAME THE LITERATURE

a papal bull written to Luther in response to his Ninety-Five Theses

written by Pope Leo X in 1520
Exsurge Domine
NAME THE AUTHOR

"Exsurge Domine"
Pope Leo X
NAME THE LITERATURE

elaborates a complex & passionate argument on the superiority of republican government to any other type of political organization

written by Machiavelli from 1513-1517
Discourses on Livy
NAME THE AUTHOR

"Letter to Posterity"
Francesco Petrarch
NAME THE LITERATURE

expressed a nostalgia for the deep past of Rome & Athens

written by Francesco Petrarch
Letter to Posterity
NAME THE AUTHOR

"Oration on the Dignity of Man"
Mirandola

(full name: Giovanni Pico della Mirandola)
NAME THE LITERATURE

lays out the fundamental elements of the Renaissance movement

written by Mirandola in 1486
Oration on the Dignity of Man
NAME THE AUTHOR

"The Canzoniere"
Francesco Petrarch
NAME THE AUTHOR

"Africa"
Francesco Petrarch
NAME THE AUTHOR

"Orlando Furioso"
Ariosto

(full name: Ludovico Ariosto)
NAME THE LITERATURE

immense & entertaining, mock-epic; tells of the mad adventures of Charlemagne's knight Roland, who loses his mind when his beloved Angelica falls in love with a Muslim prince & moves to China

written by Ariosto
Orlando Furioso
NAME THE AUTHOR

"Filocolo"
Boccaccio

(full name: Giovanni Boccaccio)
NAME THE AUTHOR

"The Decameron"
Boccaccio

(full name: Giovanni Boccaccio)
NAME THE AUTHOR

"La Cortigiana"
Aretino

(full name: Pietro Aretino)
NAME THE AUTHOR

"La Mandragola"
Machiavelli

(full name: Niccolò Machiavelli)
NAME THE AUTHOR

"The Prince"
Machiavelli

(full name: Niccolò Machiavelli)
NAME THE LITERATURE

a book praised by some for its clear-eyed realism about how political power actually works & vilified by others as a little more than how-to manual for thugs

written by Machiavelli
The Prince
NAME THE AUTHOR

"Greek New Testament"
Erasmus
NAME THE AUTHOR

"Colloquies"
Erasmus
NAME THE AUTHOR

"The Praise of Folly"
Erasmus
NAME THE LITERATURE

laid out Luther's vision for the organization & administration of his reformed church

written by Luther in 1520
Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation
NAME THE AUTHOR

"Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation"
Luther

(full name: Martin Luther)
NAME THE AUTHOR

"The Complaint of Peace"
Erasmus
NAME THE AUTHOR

"Education of a Christian Prince"
Erasmus
NAME THE AUTHOR

"Handbook of the Christian Soldier"
Erasmus
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