Final Chapters 10-15

Term
1 / 50
Literacy is best defined as:
A.
The ability to derive meaning from text
B.
The ability to sound out familiar and unfamiliar words
C.
The ability to interpret and retell stories
D.
The functional use of reading and writing
Click the card to flip 👆
Terms in this set (50)
Literacy is best defined as:
A.
The ability to derive meaning from text
B.
The ability to sound out familiar and unfamiliar words
C.
The ability to interpret and retell stories
D.
The functional use of reading and writing
D: The functional use of reading and writing
Research on reading instruction:
A.
Has produced a clear consensus about appropriate instructionstrategies for young children
B.
Must be analyzed according to the source and agenda of the author
C.
Are generally irrelevant because the research tasks are not thesame as real-life reading tasks
D.
Is most relevant when it uses the same packaged curriculum asthe teacher will be using
B.
Must be analyzed according to the source and agenda of the author
According to the NAEYC/IRA position statement, which of the following can be an appropriate part of preschool curricula?
A.
Writing dictated words
B.
All of the above are appropriate
C.
Sounding out unfamiliar words
D.
Matching letters and sounds
D. Matching letters and sounds
When children use the order of words in a sentence to infer the meaning of a new word, they are using
Answers:
A.approximations
B.syntax
C.semantics
D.phonetics
B.syntax
Two mothers are discussing their children's preschool experience. Amelia says "Our teacher is wonderful, the classroom is full of writing and books and stories." Sarah says "if you like it, that's fine, but you have to teach children about letters to make them learn to read. Children need workbooks that practice letters and sounds. Labels on doors and windows don't really do anything."
Answers:
A.Chomsky's LAD
B.Emergent literacy
C.The Montessori method
D.Direct instruction
B.Emergent literacy
Which of the following best describes the comparison between oral language and literacy development?
Answers:
A .Oral language develops through a series of approximations while literacy is a process of mastering specific, discrete skills
B. Literacy develops through a series of approximations while oral language is a process of mastering specific, discrete skills
C. Neither oral language nor literacy develop through a series of approximations
D. Both oral language and literacy develop through a series of approximations
D. Both oral language and literacy develop through a series of approximations
Two mothers are discussing their children's preschool experience. Amelia says "Our teacher is wonderful, the classroom is full of writing and books and stories." Sarah says "if you like it, that's fine, but you have to teach children about letters to make them learn to read. Children need workbooks that practice letters and sounds. Labels on doors and windows don't really do anything."
Sarah's philosophy would fit best with which other concept?
Answers:
A. Emergent literacy
B. Direct instruction
C. Environmental print
D. Immersion
B. Direct instruction
Activities such as clapping the beats (or syllables) in a word, will promote
Answers:
A. Phonemic awareness
B. Understanding of syntax
C. Understanding of phonics
D. The alphabetic principle
A. Phonemic awareness
The ability to recognize and use the component sounds in words is called
Answers:
A. whole language
B. multisyllabic understanding
C. phonics
D. phonemics
D. phonemics
Constructivist literacy instruction suggests that
Answers:
A. Children always need adult mediation to write effectively
B. Children will not be involved with text unless directed toward literacy activities by adults
C.As children become skilled, they will rely less on adult assistance
D. Reading to children will make them dependent on adults
C.As children become skilled, they will rely less on adult assistance
Which of the following is NOT true of the application of Vygotsky's theory to literacy? Answers: A. Children should actively explore text. B. Adults should provide whatever assistance is necessary for successful completion of an activity. C. Literacy activities should occur in a natural context. D. Adults should direct children to appropriate activities.D. Adults should direct children to appropriate activities.Bev is sitting with paper and pencil, using random letters to "write" her ideas about a picture she has drawn. When you ask her what she is writing, she says that the text describes the picture and reads it as "the bird is flying over the house to its nest." Which is the most likely explanation for her behavior? Answers: A. She is probably a prekindergarten or kindergarten student B. She needs more specific instruction in phonics and spelling C. She probably has special needs D. She probably has not had adequate exposure to text or booksA. She is probably a prekindergarten or kindergarten studentShared reading Answers: A. complements reading readiness activities B. is only appropriate for elementary school age children C. all of the above are true D. provides teachers with the opportunity to scaffold children's ability to make predictionsD. provides teachers with the opportunity to scaffold children's ability to make predictionsMathematics is BEST DESCRIBED as Answers: A. Logico-mathematical construction of mental relationships B. Synonymous with arithmetic C. The science of numbers D. The ability to use numbers in both written an oral formC. The science of numbersBased on Piaget's ideas, recognizing the physical aspects of an object (such as temperature or texture) is Answers: A. All of the above B. A characteristic of a mental set, rather than inherent in the object C. Essential to logico-mathematical construction of relationships D. Generally ignored by young children doing math, because they focus on number rather than form.D. Generally ignored by young children doing math, because they focus on number rather than form.Piaget described three aspects of learning. Which of the following is NOT one of the three? Answers: A. Aspects of the physical world, like texture and temperature B. Logico-mathematical principles explaining relations among object characteristics C. Aspects of the social world, like language and belief systems D. Probability principles explaining data analysis and fractionsD. Probability principles explaining data analysis and fractionsVygotskian theory suggests that Answers: A. mathematics is primarily scientific knowledge B. concepts of number are spontaneous but the language of counting is scientific C. mathematics is primarily spontaneous knowledge D. concepts of number are scientific but the language of counting is spontaneousB. concepts of number are spontaneous but the language of counting is scientificTwo kindergarten teachers, Binyamina and Martha, are discussing their children's mathematical knowledge. Binyamina says, "My students clearly know more about math, because they scored higher on the district test than your children did". Martha says, "My students know more, because they asked me questions about why we were taking the test and what the numbers would tell me, while your students just did what you told them to do." Binyamina probably has ________ teaching philosophy, and Martha probably has a ________ teaching philosophy. A. Behaviorist; Constructivist B. Mandated; Flexible C. Maturationist; Preoperational D. Constructivist; MontessoriA. Behaviorist; ConstructivistLouise's teacher puts 3 cookies on the table and asks Louise how many cookies she has. Louise points at the first cookie and says, "one," points to the second cookie and says, "five," and points to the third cookie and says, "eight." This suggests that Answers: A. Has mastered the concept of "place value." B. Has mastered the concept of "one to one correspondence." C. Louise doesn't yet understand anything about counting D. Has mastered "rational counting" but not numerical order.B. Has mastered the concept of "one to one correspondence."Louise's teacher puts 3 cookies on the table and asks Louise how many cookies she has. Louise points at the first cookie and says, "one," points to the second cookie and says, "five," and points to the third cookie and says, "eight." Based on her ability to match a number and an object, but her inability to correctly produce the numbers "1," "2," and "3", we could make what conclusion? Answers: A. Louise is receiving inappropriate math instruction, and should be taught rote counting. B. Louise is in preschool C. Louise is in primary grades D. None of the above, individual children learn different skills at different times.B. Louise is in preschoolRational counting is best described as Answers: A. Understanding that numbers increase in magnitude B. Using counting to solve addition problems C. Reciting numbers in their correct orderD. Using counting to assess the size of a groupBased on the Strand model, fractions Answers: A. Cannot be understood until children have the concept of reversibility. B. Are related to understanding of reversibility C. Should be introduced using manipulatives rather than written symbols. D. All of the above are trueC. Should be introduced using manipulatives rather than written symbols.Which of the following is NOT part of the "numbers and operations" concepts that the Strand Model advocates for preschool? Answers: A. Single-digit addition B. One-to-one correspondence C. Counting D. Place valueD. Place valueFor 3 and 4 year old children, math manipulatives should be Answers: A. Discrete objects such as blocks, cubes, or beads B. Used primarily in games, such as dominoes or dice C. Segmented objects, such as Cuisenaire rods or Montessori rods, that show units within a larger whole D. Used primarily as a supplement for paper-and-pencil activitiesA. Discrete objects such as blocks, cubes, or beadsIn early childhood math curricula, calculators should Answers: A. Be avoided, since they discourage children from using and understanding arithmetic B. None of the above; there is no clear guideline for the use of calculators C. Be encouraged as a useful aid in complex arithmetic D. Be explored but not used for arithmetic lessonsD. Be explored but not used for arithmetic lessonsScience is best defined as: Answers: A. Making predictions about the world around you. B. Physical knowledge about the world. C. The process of observing, thinking, and reflecting on events. D. Understanding of facts and formulas.C. The process of observing, thinking, and reflecting on events.Research suggests that teachers have the most anxiety about teaching which subject? Answers: A. Mathematics B. Science C. Art and Drama D. Language ArtsB. ScienceThe best way to help children develop observation skills is to: Answers: A. Encourage children to compare different sensory impressions (sight, sound, smell, touch) of the same object. B. Have children describe the appearance of different objects. C. Provide children with engaging materials and let them explore the materials on their own. D. Ask children specific questions about the characteristics of an object.A. Encourage children to compare different sensory impressions (sight, sound, smell, touch) of the same object.Effective science instruction for young children Answers: A. emphasizes children's understanding over their results. B. uses only autonomous child activity and does not include guided instruction. C. produces the desired product. D. does not present children with facts, only with experiences.A. emphasizes children's understanding over their results.Experimentation is best defined as: Answers: A. A new skills which must be taught, so that children do not rely on everyday observation. B. Children's every day observations of their environment. C. Activities that take place in a laboratory (or other carefully controlled) setting. D. A refinement of children's every day observations of their environment.D. A refinement of children's every day observations of their environment.Making simple observations about objects or events: Answers: A.is not science. B.is an appropriate science activity for four year old children. C.is only science when two or more senses are used. D.is only science when the observations are compared to scientific concepts or vocabulary.B.is an appropriate science activity for four year old children.To ensure that activities are safe for preschool children, teachers should: Answers: A. Use heat only in one-on-one situations, with a single child at a time. B. Not use heat (such as burners or electric frying pans). C. Let teachers use cooking materials while children watch. D. Monitor children's use of heat carefully.D. Monitor children's use of heat carefully.Science exploration, as described in the text, is most like Piaget's description of children's activities during the ________ period. Answers: A. Preoperational B. Concrete Operations C. Sensorimotor D. Formal OperationsC. SensorimotorConservation of classroom resources during science activities is important because: Answers: A. If too many materials are used, schools will stop allowing science lessons. B. Respect for the environment and waste avoidance are critical parts of science education. C. It is necessary to make sure all the students have a turn to participate in science. D. Children will be more careful, and therefore more safe, if they handle resources carefully.B. Respect for the environment and waste avoidance are critical parts of science education.Your school has a vegetable garden, and each spring the children work together to plant a variety of different seeds, weed and water the garden, and sample the results. Based on the idea of a learning spiral, this activity: Answers :A.Is appropriate for all ages, but children should engage in more complex analyses as they get older. B. Is best limited to four and five year old children. C. Planting and eating is appropriate for all ages, but only primary grade children should be involved in the maintenance of the garden. D. All of the above are true.:A.Is appropriate for all ages, but children should engage in more complex analyses as they get older.Science activities for young children are best organized around: Answers: A. Experiments that facilitate hypothesis testing. B. Classification of similarities and differences. C. More abstract ideas. D. Textbooks or integrated curricula.A. Experiments that facilitate hypothesis testing.Which of the following best describes the study of winter phenomena, such as snow and ice cycles? Answers: A. It is a desirable activity that is appropriate only for children who live in climates where these phenomena occur. B. It is an optional activity, only appropriate for children who live in climates where these phenomena occur. C. It is an important activity for all young children and must include concrete examples. D. It is best for children who live in cold climates, but acceptable for other children with appropriate concrete examples.C. It is an important activity for all young children and must include concrete examples.Creativity is fostered by: Answers: A. Discussion of what makes "good" and "bad" artwork. B. Any opportunity to explore media in new ways. C. Craft activities that guide children's understanding of how things in the real world (flowers, houses) should be represented. D. All of the above are true.B. Any opportunity to explore media in new ways.When teacher's provide evaluative feedback about children's art work: Answers: A. Creativity is likely to be reduced, as children become more concerned about external standards. B. Creativity may be reduced, but self-discipline will be increased. C. Creativity is likely to be unaffected, as it reflects an innate aspect of children's temperament. D. Creativity is likely to be increased, as children's representations become more sophisticated.A. Creativity is likely to be reduced, as children become more concerned about external standards.Art education: Answers: A. Should be considered a core academic subject. B. Is best used as a method for engaging children in language and literacy activities. C. Is mostly important as a method for fostering math and science understanding. D. Best done outside of early childhood centers, is community-based programs.A. Should be considered a core academic subject.You see a child's drawing, which contains a recognizable dog, house and tree. However, the dog appears to be floating over the tree. This type of drawing is called: Answers: Schematic Preschematic Primitive Realism Dramatic RealismSchematicWhich of the following best describes visual arts activities in early childhood education? Answers: A. Children need opportunities to paint or draw, but other media and activities are less important. B. All children need opportunities to experiment with diverse art media on a regular basis. C. Visual arts should only be encouraged when children display particular aptitude or interest. D. Visual art experiences are less important than literacy and science activities.B. All children need opportunities to experiment with diverse art media on a regular basisExamining cultural and/or historical differences in art is: Answers: A. Appropriate, but not as important as other aspects of art education for primary-grade children. B. An element of the learning standards for primary-grade children. C. The most important part of art instruction, so that children can learn to evaluate art. D. Not an appropriate part of art education for primary-grade children.B. An element of the learning standards for primary-grade children.Projects like Mother's Day cards are: Answers: A. Inappropriate for young children in any circumstances. B. Best described as art activities. C. Central to qualify early childhood art instruction. D. Best described as craft activities.D. Best described as craft activities.Singing is most likely to be effective and engaging if: Answers: A. It expands children's vocal range. B. It incorporates instruments or recorded music. C. Children rehearse phrases and lines of songs until they have mastered them, then combine the parts into a complete song. D. It is conducted by professional musicians or music specialists.B. It incorporates instruments or recorded music.Music instruction is similar to art instruction because: Answers: A. Both can be eliminated if more time is needed for academics. B. Both are best handled by specialists, rather than the classroom teacher. C. Both are more closely related to language skills than mathematics. D. Both offer children opportunities for self-expression.D. Both offer children opportunities for self-expression.Drama experiences in preschool: Answers: A. Should be limited to acting out scripted plays. B. Should not include scripted plays. C. Should combine scripted plays with other kinds of drama experiences. D. Should emphasize children's ability to follow scripts during structured activities.B. Should not include scripted plays.Three year old children will be most attracted to songs: Answers: A. That cover a broad range of notes and sounds. B. That have an unpredictable rhythm. C. That tell a narrative story. D. That contain a repetitive chorus.D. That contain a repetitive chorus.Games in which children copy each others' movements and/or patterns are: Answers: A. Appropriate for primary-grade children. B. Appropriate for preschool aged children. C. Appropriate from about age 2, when children become interested in movement and music. D. Not appropriate at any age because they emphasize following directions over creativity.A. Appropriate for primary-grade children.Children begin demonstrating perspective (e.g., consistently making people smaller than buildings in their pictures) during the: Answers: A. Drawing Realism stage B. Scribbling stage C. Preschematic stage D. Schematic stageA. Drawing Realism stage