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GU med term - exam 6

Terms in this set (52)

cortex
outer layer of an organ or body structure.
electrolytes
mineral salts (sodium, potassium and calcium) that carry an electrical charge in solution.
meatus
an opening or passage through any part of the body.
medulla
inner or central portion of an organ.
orifice
opening, entrance or outlet of any body cavity.
percutaneous
procedure performed through the skin, as in a biopsy.
reflux
backward or return flow of a fluid.
pyelonephritis
one of the most common forms of kidney disease, aka kidney infection. Bacteria invade the renal pelvis and kidney tissue. Consequence of bladder infection. May cause bleeding if severe.
glomerulonephritis
any condition that causes the glomerule (kidney) walls to be inflamed. Most common cause is a reaction to toxins given off by a pathogenic bacteria that have recently infected another body part, usually the throat.
nephrolithiasis
stones arising in the kidney, May obstruct urinary structures.
bladder neck obstruction
any blockage of the bladder outlet. Causes include an enlarged prostate, calculi, blood clots and tumors.
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
commonly associated with the aging process. The prostate enlarges decreasing the urethral lumen, thus inhibiting complete voiding.
cryptotorchidism
failure of the testes to descend into the scrotal sac prior to birth.
acute tubular necrosis
the tubular portion of the nephron is injured through a decrease in blood supply or the presence of toxic substances.
carcinoma of the prostate
second most common form of cancer in men.
anuria
absence of urine production or urinary output.
anorchidism
congenital absence of one of both testes.
aspermia
failure to form or ejaculate semen.
balanitis
inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis.
chronic renal failure
renal failure that occurs over a period of years, in which the kidneys lose their ability to maintain volume and composition of body fluids with normal dietary intake.
dysuria
painful or difficult urination.
enuresis
involuntary discharge of urine; aka incontinence.
epispadias
malformation in which the urethra opens on the above side (dorsal) of penis.
erectile dysfuntion
repeated inability to get or keep an erection firm enough for sexual incontinence.
fistula
abnormal passage form a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another.
frequency
voiding at frequent intervals.
hesitancy
involuntary delay in initiating urination.
hydrocele
accumulation of serous fluid in a saclike cavity especially in the testes.
hypospadias
developmental anomaly in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis.
phimosis
stenosis or narrowing of preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans penis.
sterility
inability to produce offspring.
urgency
feeling of the need to void immediately.
urolithasis
presence of stones in any urinary structure.
varicocele
swelling and distention of veins of the spermatic cord.
wilms tumor
rapidly developing malignant neoplasm of the kidney that usually occurs in children.
digital rectal examination (DRE)
insertion of a gloved, lubricated finger to assess the rectal wall surface for lesions or abnormally firm areas.
electromyelography (EMG)
measures contraction of muscles that control urination by placing electrodes in the rectum and urethra.
cystoscopy
insertion of a cystoscope in the urethra to examine the urinary bladder.
endoscopy
visual examination of a cavity.
nephroscopy
exam of the inside of the kidney.
urethroscopy
visual examination of the urethra.
culture and sesitivity (C&S)
test that determines the causative organism of a disease and how the organism responds to antibiotics.
semen analysis
test that analyzes a semen sample to verify fertility or sterility following a vasectomy.
urinalysis (UA)
battery of tests performed on a urine sample, including visual, chemical and microscope.
cystography
radiographic exam of the urinary bladder.
kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB) radiography
radiographic exam to determine location, size and shape of the kidneys in relationship to other organs.
pyelography
radiographic exam of the ureters and renal pelvis.
computed tomography (CT) scan
combines a series of X-ray images taken from different angles and uses computer processing to create cross-sectional images.
ultrasound
test using high frequency waves and displays reflected "echoes" on a monitor.
dialysis
the passage of a solute through a membrane.
hemodialysis
removal of toxic substances from the blood by shunting.
lithotripsy
procedure for eliminating a stone within the urinary system by mechanically crushing the stone through a surgical incision, or noninvasive ultrasonic shockwaves.
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