APHUG Unit 1 Test Review

Term
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Mercator projection
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Terms in this set (41)
Mercator projection
advantages:
- shapes of countries are accurate
- easy for navigation
- accurate on the local scale

disadvantages:
- size is distorted, especially near the poles
- top-down shape but there is not a top on a sphere
Peters Projection
advantages:
- surface area of countries is accurate
- easier to navigate than curved projections

disadvantages:
- countries shapes are distorted
- inaccurate distances
Goode's Equal Area Homolosine Projection
advantages:
- shapes of countries are more accurate
- area is also accurate

disadvantages:
- difficult for navigation
- hard to read because of broken up shape
- interrupts the ocean
Robinson Projection
advantages:
- accurate areas
- more accurate than Mercator
- navigation can be accomplished

disadvantages:
- Antarctica and Greenland are distorted
thematic maps
emphasize a particular kind of information

special purpose

climate, vegetation, population density, economic activity, cartogram

include chloropleth, prop., dot, isoline, flowline and cartograms
isoline map
uses lines that connect points of equal value to depict variations in the data across space

where lines are close together, change is rapid

ex: topographs
choloropleth maps
uses various colors, shades or pattern to show the location and distribution of spatial data

usually the dark the color, the higher the statistical value
proportional/graduated symbol maps
uses symbols of different sizes to indicate different amounts of something

(map with big circles on china and india of world population)
dot maps
used to show the specific location and distribution of something across the territory of the map

each dot represents a specific quantity but they are all the same size
flowline maps
uses arrows to show the movement of objects from one area to another
cartogramsthe sizes of countries are shown according to some specific statistic (like pop map in the back of the room)distortionall maps are selective in info maps inevitably distort spatial relationships: SADD Shape, area, distance, and direction all projects have distortion but at least one part of SADD must be preservedtoponymsnames for cities, mountains, etc.map scaleThe relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface.large scale mapMaps that cover smaller areas with greater detail would be ratio of 1:20,000small scale mapShows fewer details, and focuses on a larger area (region, world) would be ratio of 1: 200,000scale of analysisa scale that determines what is being studied based on the size of the area being examined "this can be identified as a ______ map at a ______ scale of analysis" global, regional, national, localregionsA geographic area defined by one or more characteristics that set it apart from other areasformal/uniform regionsdefined by the gov or defined by features like mts, lakes or defined by common characteristic that can be MEASUREDfunctional/nodal regionsAn area organized around a node or focal point usually characterized by a hub ex: newspaper delivery route, transit routesperceptual/vernacular regionsplaces that people believe to exist as a part of their cultural identity ppl perceive the characteristics of the region in the same way ex: deep southcultural ecologyregions can be defined by human-environment relationshipsenvironmental determinismthe view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life including cultural development - ppl in extreme climates are "lazy" compared to moderate climate -> superiority complexpossiblismenvironment may limit but people have the ability to adapt and modify one can choose to grow which crop that would grow best in your climatepurpose of the census bureauIn addition to collecting population data for the purposes of accurately apportioning congressional districts, the federal government uses census data, among other reasons, to determine: The allocation of federal funding for education programs in states and communitiesrelative locationDescribed by landmarks, time, direction, or distance from one place to another can change as accessibility changes ex: ghost townssitephysical characteristics of a place unlikely to change ex: climate, geographical formations, soil, structuressituationdescription of a place, based on relationship two something else ex: relative location, cultural elementsspatial interactionthe movement of peoples, ideas, and goods interconnectedness of places depends on: distances, accessibility, connectivitytime and distance decayfarther from the source & the more time it takes, the less likely innovation adoptedcultural barriersSome practices, ideas, innovations are not acceptable/adoptable in a particular culture ā€¢ Cultural taboos, e.g. pork, alcohol, contraceptivesphysical barriersphysical barriers on the surface may prohibit or inhibit adoptionspace time compressionThe reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systemstime zones24 hour zones that 1,000 miles apart from the other, each one is an hour before or after the one next to it, helps to differentiate between the different times from one point on the Earth to another point. some countries use 1/2 time zones china and india only have 1 time zone 40 zonesdensity distributionfrequency that something occurs in space ex: arithmetic, physiological, agriculturalconcentration distributionextent of spread over space ex: clustered or dispersedpattern distributiongeometric arrangement of objects in space ex: linear, centralized, rectangulargeospatial technologythree technologies of global positioning systems, geographical information systems and remote sensing that are all related to mapping features on earthremote sensingA method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments that are physically distant from the area or object of study. - can provide accurate measurements of the earth - satellites can communicate, and send information from space for navigation and weatherglobal positioning systemA system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.Geographic Information System (GIS)A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.