Pathophysiology Chapter 4 Evolve Questions

Which term describes the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) subunit of one deoxyribose molecule, one phosphate group, and one base?

A. Polypeptide
B. Double helix
C. Nucleotide
D. Codon
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Terms in this set (11)
Which term describes the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) subunit of one deoxyribose molecule, one phosphate group, and one base?

A. Polypeptide
B. Double helix
C. Nucleotide
D. Codon
C. Nucleotide

A nucleotide consists of one deoxyribose molecule, one phosphate group, and one base.
A polypeptide is a chain of proteins.
The double helix is the twisted staircase presentation of DNA that was proposed by Watson-Crick.
A codon is a triplet of amino acids.
Which statement is true regarding termination codons?

A. Eighty codons are possible.
B. Three codons signal the end of a gene.
C. Seventy codons specify amino acids.
D. Each amino acid has one codon.
B. Three codons signal the end of a gene.

Three codons signal the end of a gene, and they are called stop or nonsense codons.
Which statement describes the function of DNA polymerase?

A. Synthesizes ribonucleic acid (RNA) from the DNA template
B. Synthesizes a polypeptide
C. Performs base pairing in replication
D. Splits DNA molecules
C. Performs base pairing in replication

The function of DNA polymerase is to assist with base pairing when replicating DNA.
This enzyme travels along the single DNA strand, adding the correct nucleotides to the free end of the new strand. It also proofreads.
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from DNA.
Translation is the formation of a polypeptide from RNA.
DNA polymerase does not split DNA molecules.
Which statement is true regarding base pairs?

A. Adenine pairs with guanine.
B. Guanine pairs with thymine.
C. Cytosine pairs with adenine.
D. Uracil pairs with adenine.
D. Uracil pairs with adenine.

Uracil is structurally similar to thymine. Therefore the correct base pairs are adenine with thymine, guanine with cytosine, and uracil with adenine.
Which term describes the sequence for the beginning of a gene?

A. Intron
B. Exon
C. Promoter site
D. Anticodon
C. Promoter site

Transcription of a gene begins when an enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to a promoter site on the DNA.
A promoter site is a sequence of DNA that specifies the beginning of a gene.
Many of the RNA sequences are removed, and the remaining sequences are spliced together to form the functional messenger RNA (mRNA) that will migrate to the cytoplasm.
The excised sequences are called introns, and the sequences that are left to code for proteins are called exons.
The anticodon is the sequence of three nucleotides that undergo complementary base pairing in translation.
Which statement is true regarding chromosomes?

A. There are three cell types.
B. The somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes.
C. Gametes are diploid cells.
D. Diploid cells are formed through meiosis.
B. The somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes.

There are two cell types: somatic and gametes.
Somatic cells are those that are not gametes (sperm and eggs). They have 46 chromosomes in the nucleus. These are also considered diploid cells.
The gametes are haploid cells and have only 23 chromosomes. They are formed from diploid cells through meiosis.
Which term describes a cell that does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes?

A. Aneuploid
B. Monosomy
C. Trisomy
D. Tetraploidy
A. Aneuploid

The term aneuploid means that the cell does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes.
Monosomy is the presence of only one copy of a given chromosome in a cell.
Trisomy is the presence of three copies of a chromosome.
Tetraploidy is a cell that contains 92 chromosomes.
Which term describes an allele with an observable effect?

A. Homozygous
B. Heterozygous
C. Dominant
D. Recessive
C. Dominant

Dominant alleles have effects that are observable.
Homozygous is when two alleles at a locus are identical.
Heterozygous is when the two alleles at a locus are different.
Recessive alleles may be hidden.
Which statement is true regarding autosomal dominant gene transmission?

A. The affected parent transmits the gene to one-half of his or her children.
B. The affected gene is found in males only.
C. Generations are skipped for transmission.
D. Females will transmit the disease more often than males.
A. The affected parent transmits the gene to one-half of his or her children.

The affected parent will transmit the trait to (approximately) one-half of his or her children; in each match, a 50% chance exists that either a normal gene or an affected gene will be transmitted to the child.
The affected gene is found equally in males and females, both sexes transmit the trait equally, and no skipping of generations occurs.
Which statement is true regarding autosomal recessive inheritance?

A. Parents will always display the trait.
B. Approximately 50% of children will display the trait.
C. Males and females are equally affected.
D. An individual must be heterozygous to display a recessive trait.
C. Males and females are equally affected.

Males and females are equally affected by autosomal recessive traits.
Generally, parents will not display the trait; that is, they are heterozygous themselves, but each will pass the recessive trait to 25% of their children.
The child must be homozygous for the trait to express the recessive trait.
Which statements are true regarding protein synthesis? (Select all that apply.) A. Protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm. B. DNA replication occurs in the cytoplasm. C. Protein formation involves transcription and translation. D. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) mediates transcription and translation processes.A. Protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm. C. Protein formation involves transcription and translation. D. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) mediates transcription and translation processes. Protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm, whereas DNA replication takes place in the nucleus. Protein formation involves transcription and translation. Both transcription and translation are mediated by ribonucleic acid (RNA).