BIO 320 Lecture 1

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__ are the building blocks of life
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Terms in this set (33)
__ are the building blocks of life
cells
Biological systems follow the rules of __ and __, but biological structures and processes have evolved along different paths under the pressures of natural selection for billions of years.
chemistry, physics
Prokaryotes are __ cell organisms, the two main types are __ and __, and they have a __ structure.
single, bacteria, archaea, simple
Prokaryotes are __ or __ cell organisms, the two main types are __ and __, and they have a __ structure.
single, multi, plants, animals, complex
True or False: Only eukaryotic cells have a cell membrane
False
True or False: All cells have a cytoskeleton
False
__ is a theorized process in which early eukaryotic cells were formed from simpler prokaryotes. An example of this is purple bacteria and mitochondria.
endosymbiosis
True or False: All living organisms descended from a common ancestral cell
True
The most abundant molecule in a cell is __
water
The central dogma of biology is that __ codes for __ which codes for __
DNA, RNA, protein
Translation occurs in the __ while transcription occurs in the __cytoplasm, nucleusThe total DNA in the chromosome of an organism is its __genomeEach __ is a single linear DNA molecule associated with proteinschromosome__ are what DNA wraps around in order to regulatehistonesThe fundamental structure of all cell membranes is the __ __lipid bilayer__ is the most common molecule used by cells to capture and transfer energyATP__ is when one cell after a period of growth divides to become two daughter cells in eukaryotic cellsmitosisMost eukaryotic cells follow the __ __, an internal clock that determines the phases of cell growth and divisioncell cycleProgress through the cell cycle is controlled at __checkpointsCells may undergo __, which is programmed cell death as a way of balancing cell growth or generating structures during developmentapoptosisCells are commonly the size of __ metersmicroBiologists use __ __ to test varying hypotheses with different goalsexperimental organisms__ are experimental organisms that are most commonly used to introduce DNA/proteins into cells of interestviruses__ are experimental organisms that are most commonly used to produce antibiotics and study proteins involved in synthesisbacteria__ are experimental organisms that are most commonly used to study cell differentiation and agingyeast__ are experimental organisms that are most commonly used to study development and the nervous systemroundworms__ are experimental organisms that are most commonly used to study sex chromosome and effects of harmful substances on organisms (alcohol, drugs, pesticides, etc.)fruit flies__ are experimental organisms that are most commonly used to study birth defects and cancerzebrafish__ are experimental organisms that are most commonly used to study diseasesmice__ are experimental organisms that are most commonly used to study genetics and mutationsarabidopsis__ is a historical process that dictates the form and structure of lifeevolutionTissues are composed of cells and __ matrixextracellularThe four types of tissues are __, __, __, and __epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve