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Linux 101

Key Concepts:

Terms in this set (81)

One of the jobs of the kernel is to:
Load the operating system after the computer is turned on
**Manage the system's resources
Turn source code into machine code
Transfer mail from one machine to another
Unix is:
(choose two)
A text editor
A type of hardware
**A trademark
**An operating system
A distribution of Linux
Linux is written in:
Java
.NET
**C
C++
Perl
Source code refers to:
**A human readable version of computer software
The license that dictates how you may use and share the software
The interface that software uses to talk to the kernel
The version of a program that the computer runs on the CPU
Open source means:
(choose two)
You must share your changes
You must support the software you share
You cannot charge anything for the software
**You can modify the software's source code
**You can view the software's source code
Most of the tools that are part of Linux systems come from:
Google
Red Hat and Debian
**The GNU project
The Open Source Initiative
The Linux foundation
The Linux platform that runs on mobile phones is called:
Linux can't run on phones
MicroLinux
Teldroid
LinuxMobile
IOS
**Android
What does a distribution provide to add and remove software from the system?
Application Programming Interface (API)
Bash
**Package manager
Compiler
Partitioning tool
The bootloader's job is to:
Perform the initial installation of the kernel to hard drive
Assign initial settings such as network address
Install software from the Internet or removable media
Load the application into memory
**Load the kernel after the computer is powered on
Unix was originally invented at:
**AT&T Bell Labs
Xerox PARC
Stanford University
Berkeley University
Bangalore University
A license where you don't have access to the source code is called:
**Closed source
Impaired source
Open source
Sourceless
Which distributions are made by, or clones of, Red Hat?
(choose two)
**CentOS
Ubuntu
Debian
**Fedora
Slackware
Ubuntu is derived from which distribution?
Fedora
Scientific Linux
Slackware
Red Hat Enterprise Linux
**Debian
Open source licenses differ, but generally agree that:
(choose two)
**You should have access to the source code of software
You are not allowed to sell the software
You must redistribute your changes
**You should be able modify the software as you wish
Applications make requests to the kernel and receive resources, such as memory, CPU, and disk in return.
True or False?
**True
False
Shell script
Disk controller
Kernel
The most important consideration when choosing an operating system is:
The licensing model of the operating system
**What the computer will do
How much performance is needed
Whether or not it is cloud-friendly
The operating system's mascot
Linux is not Unix because:
**It hasn't undergone certification
It's not made by the Open Group
There are too many distributions
It's not good enough
It's free
A release cycle:
Describes how long the software will be supported for
**Describes how often updates to the software come out
Is always 6 months
Only applies to software you pay for
Doesn't matter in an Open Source environment
A maintenance cycle:
Only has meaning for paid software
Should be short so you always have the freshest releases
Should be long so that you have time before you need to upgrade
**Describes how long a version of software will be supported
Describes how often updates for software come out
If a software release is in a state in that it has many new features that have not been rigorously tested, it is typically referred to as beta software.
True or False?
True
**False
Is intended to solicit feedback
Is production quality
Has been fully tested
Software is backward compatible if:
**It still supports old file formats or applications
It can be upgraded without downtime
It works across Linux/Mac/Windows
People still use old versions
If the next version still works the same way
Apple's OS X is:
(choose three)
**Certified as UNIX compatible
**Derived from FreeBSD
Able to natively run Windows binaries
**Only compatible with Apple hardware
Derived from Linux
Microsoft Windows:
(choose three)
**Comes in desktop and server variants
**Has powerful scripting capabilities
Has a Linux compatibility mode
Has a short maintenance cycle
**Has built in virtualization
Other commercial Unixes:
(choose two)
Use completely different commands than Linux
Do not run the GNU tools
**Are tied to their vendor's hardware
**Are UNIX certified
Are almost obsolete
When choosing a distribution of Linux, you should consider: (Choose five)
**Which distributions are supported by the software you need to run
**The maintenance cycle of the distribution
**Which management tools are provided by the distribution
**Whether or not the distribution is under active development
**If you need support on the distribution itself
Popularity on social media.
...
The Samba application is a:
**File Server
Security Server
Web Server
Mail Server
Which of the following are examples of desktop software? (choose two)
File share
**Web browser
Compiler
**Music player
Web server
If you wanted to set up a blog, which software would be most helpful?
Dovecot
Postfix
**WordPress
Samba
MySQL
Which of the following pieces of software deal with file sharing? (choose three)
**Samba
PostgreSQL
**Netatalk
X-Windows
**NFS
If you wanted to create and print an invoice, which software could you use?
**LibreOffice
GNOME
Compiz
Evolution
Firefox
POP and IMAP are related to:
Reading and writing music
Letting users log in to multiple servers with 1 set of credentials
Sharing files
Serving web pages
**Email
When a computer boots, it can get its network information through:
X11
SMTP
LDAP
DNS
**DHCP
Which of the following are examples of text editors?(choose four)
**emacs
**pico
yum
**vim
**nano
A package manager: (choose two)
**Keeps track of which files belong to which packages
Emails you when software is out of date
Can optionally repartition your disk to make room for Linux
Performs a fresh install of Linux
**Downloads software from the Internet
An interpreted programming language: (choose two)
**Is converted into machine specific instructions as the program runs
**Tends to offer more features than compiled languages
Requires a linking step but no compilation step
Requires a compilation step but no linking step
Takes fewer resources to run than a compiled language
Which of the following are true about compiled programming languages?
**C is a compiled language
Compiled languages are great for system administration tasks like scripting
Ruby is a compiled language
A programmer is usually more productive when using a compiled language
Perl is a compiled language
Which package manager is used in Fedora, a Red Hat derived system?
tar
**yum
apt-get
bash
vim
The Linux shell: (choose three)
**Allows you to launch programs
Has a built in text editor
**Is customizable
**Has a scripting language
Is responsible for tracking the location of configuration files
Which application would you use to edit and piece together sound files to make podcast?
Audiolicious
Bash
**Audacity
GIMP
Thunderbird
The two main families of Linux shells are: (choose two)
**C Shell
Korn shell
Python Shell
emacs
**Bourne Shell
Which server software would you use to create a company directory that you could search and authenticate against?
ISC DHCP
bind
Netatalk
Samba
**OpenLDAP
A Mail Transfer Agent's primary purpose is to:
Serve email to end clients
Filter out spam
Act as a gateway between faxes and email
Manage the end user's inbox
**Deliver mail between servers
Which of the following are examples of a web server? (choose two)
WordPress
**Nginx
postfix
**Apache
NFS
If you wanted to let a Linux machine share files with Windows clients and servers, you would use:
NFS
DNS
**Samba
Netatalk
bind
Richard Stallman is associated with:
The Open Source Initiative
The Apache foundation
Microsoft
**The Free Software Foundation
BSD Unix
A "copyleft provision" in a software license means:
You must provide free copies of the software if you use it
**You must distribute the source to any changes you make
You may not link against third party closed source software
You give up your copyright to the software
You must provide support for your modifications
The largest difference between the GPLv2 and BSD licenses is:
GPLv2 is not approved by the OSI
GPLv2 requires assigning copyright to the FSF
Only BSD allows commercial use
**BSD has no copyleft provision
Nothing, they are virtually identical
The Free Software Foundation believes that:
(choose two)
money should ever change hands
Software should not have copyright
People should write software with no expectation of making money
**Software should be free to share
**Software should be free to modify
Which of the following licenses was made by the FSF?
**GPLv3
Apache
BSD
MIT
Creative Commons
A permissive free software license:
(choose two)
**Places no restrictions on sharing modifications
**Means you can use the software for anything you want
Places the software in the public domain
Does not allow the software to be locked to certain hardware
Requires you share software changes but not binaries
Linux is distributed under which license?
GPLv3
MIT
**GPLv2
Linux Foundation
BSD
Who founded the Open Source Initiative?
(choose two)
**Bruce Perens
**Eric Raymond
Linus Torvalds
Richard Stallman
University of California at Berkeley
A generic term for Open Source and Free Software is:
**FLOSS
OS/FS
GPL
Libre Software
SLOFF
Which are examples of permissive software licenses?
(choose two)
LGPLv3
**BSD
GPLv2
**MIT
GPLv3
What is the meaning of a public domain license?
You must redistribute changes to the software
The work was done by a government agency
The author has died
**The author has relinquished the copyright on the work
You may not use the work for commercial purposes
Creative Commons licenses allow you to:
(choose three)
**Allow or disallow commercial use
Get a veto on where the work is used
**Specify whether or not people may distribute changes
Receive royalties on the use of the work
**Specify whether or not changes must be shared
If a podcast is licensed under the CC BY-ND license, you may:
(choose two)
**Post it to your website
**Share it as long as you give credit to the author
Add ads to it and post it to your website.
Use an interview or song from it for your own podcast
Sell it as part of a compilation
How can you make money from open source software?
(choose three)
**Provide paid consulting services for users
**Take payments for fixing bugs
Unlock premium features for people that pay
Charge a yearly fee for the right to use the software
**Sell hardware that's built to work with the software
To place software under an open source license, you must give up your copyright.
True or False?
True
**False
The difference between the GPL and LGPL licenses are:
LGPL applies to web services
LGPL allows you to distribute the software in binary-only form
LGPL is shorter than GPL
**LGPL allows linking to non GPLed software
LGPL was made by the OSI while GPL was made by the FSF
Permissive free software licenses:
(choose three)
**Are not approved by the FSF
Are not approved by the OSI
**Can allow software to be used inside closed source software
**Don't have a copyleft provision
Include the GPLv2 and BSD
The Creative Commons version of Public Domain licensing is:
**No Rights Reserved
Attribution
Attribution-NonCommercial
NoAttribution-ShareAlike
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
Your company makes a hardware firewall that runs a custom Linux kernel. What are your obligations under GPLv2
**You must make the source to your kernel available
There are no requirements
You must ensure your custom kernel runs on a regular Intel machine
You must make your hardware designs available
You must make the source to your custom web interface available
Participating in open source projects can improve your technical skills, even if it is not your day job.
True or False?
**True
False
Which of the following is true about graphical mode?
(choose three)
You cannot use your mouse
**After login, you are provided with a desktop
**You access this mode by logging into a graphical display
After login, you are provided with a command prompt
**You have menus and tools to help you find what you are looking for
Which of the following is provided by a graphical interface that isn't normally provided to a non graphical interface?
(choose four)
**Windows
**Menus
Shell
*Popups
*Desktop
A server is likely to be running in graphical mode.
True or False?
True
*False
In graphical mode, you can get to a shell by running which applications?
(choose two)
*xterm
xconsole
*terminal
guiterm
gbash
Which of the following are traits of a multiuser operating system?
(choose three)
An administrative user gets a dedicated CPU
**Resources are shared between users
**Users can protect their information from other users
**Many users can log in simultaneously with a unique account
Each user can only log in once per day
Virtualization means:
*A single host can be split up into multiple guests
A machine can swap memory to disk
Many users can share one hard drive
Two users get different memory spaces on the same machine
A user can connect to a server over the network and use a virtual console
In virtualization, what are the host and guest?
(choose two)
A host is a virtual machine
*A guest is a virtual machine
The terms can be used interchangeably
*The host is the machine that runs the virtual machines
The guest is the machine that runs the virtual machines
Which of the following are traits of cloud computing?
(choose two)
You own the hardware but pay for it over time
You don't have to worry about performance any more
*You pay for what you use
Only Linux works in cloud computing
The resources are virtualized
If you wanted to write a report that was to be printed, you would probably use:
Chrome
*LibreOffice
Firefox
A wiki
Adobe Flash
If you want to store logins and passwords for different websites in a secure manner, you could use:
*KeePassX
A LibreOffice Document
A text file in your home directory
A sticky note on your monitor
Firefox
You can configure your computer to check for updates automatically.
True or False?
*True
False
Two components that provide the ability to implement a firewall include:
(choose two)
ipfw
*iptables
*gufw
Uncomplicated Firewall
Cerberus
What are tradeoffs of increasing the level of privacy you have in your web browser?
(choose two)
*Sites may not work properly
You may get viruses
Images won't load properly
Websites may load slower
*You may have to explicitly permit some cookies to be saved
Which of the following is a tool that helps you anonymize your Internet browsing?
*The onion router
Web proxy
CookieCleaner
AnonFirefox
iptables
Social network "like" buttons can track your activity across the Internet.
True or False?
*True
False
Which of the following are properties of a strong password?
(choose three)
**At least 10 characters long
**Includes symbols
Based on easy to remember items like birthdays
Long so that it can be reused on multiple sites
**A mix of upper and lower case
What can be done to prevent remote people from running programs on your computer?
(choose two)
**Turn on a firewall
Don't use wireless networks - only wired
Block all cookies
**Use strong passwords on all user accounts
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