Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

BIO 375 Ex. 16, 17, 18

Terms in this set (82)

Central Nervous System consists of
brain and spinal cord
Two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System
Afferent (sensory)
Efferent (motor)
Role of sensory receptors
detect changes in the environment and transmit the info along afferent (sensory) nerves to the CNS
What does the CNS do with the information it receives from sensory receptors?
initiates a response that are transmitted by efferent (motor) nerves to effectors
3 types of effectors
nerves
muscle cells
glands
Role of motor nerves
transmit impulses from CNS to effectors in PNS
Places where nervous tissue is located
brain
spinal cord
ganglia
nerves
Role of neurons
conduct action potentials
Neuroglia
cells that support, protect, and supply nutrients to neurons
augment the speed of action potentials
6 types of neuroglia & their location
Astrocytes (CNS)
Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Microglia (CNS)
Ependymal Cells (CNS)
Schwann Cells (PNS)
Satellite Cells (PNS)
Astrocytes
forms the brain-blood barrier
wrap around and cover neurons/blood vessels for support
Oligodendrocytes
form the myelin sheath around axons in the CNS
increases the speed of nerve impulses
Microglia
phagocytes of the CNS
Ependymal cells
line all 4 ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord
form and move the cerebrospinal fluid
Schwann cells
wrap around axons in the PMS forming the myelin sheath
Satellite cells
surround the sensory neuron bodies located in the ganglia in the PNS to regulate the chemical environment
3 parts of the neuron
dendrites
axon
cell body
Function of dendrites
receive information and convert it into a graded potential that travels down the cell body
axon hillock
area where graded potential either initiates an action potential or "dies off"
trigger area
first part of the axon where the action potential begins
name of side branches off of the axon process
axon collaterals
multipolar neurons
several dendrites, one axon
bipolar neuron
one dendrite and one axon
unipolar neuron
fusion of dendrites and the axon (only one process)
myelin sheath gap (nodes of ranvier)
Schwann cell cytoplasm
6
Myelin sheath
2
white matter (CNS)
groups of myelinated axons
gray matter (CNS)
unmyelinated areas (neuron cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, and neuroglia)
epidural space
space between vertebrae and the meninges
three meninges
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater
dura mater
outermost layer of the meninges
tough
single layer
deep to the epidural space
arachnoid mater
spider web filamentous layer
middle layer of the meninges
pia mater
innermost layer of the meninges
delicate
hugs the spinal cord
denticulate ligaments
lateral extensions of the Pia mater that fuse with arachnoid mater and secure the spinal cord
subarachnoid space
between pia and arachnoid mater
contains cerebrospinal fluid
Label the following
Dura Mater and Arachnoid mater
epidural space
pia mater
subarachnoid space
web like projections of arachnoid mater
answers: 1, 3, 2, 4, 5
cervical enlargement
C3-T1
lumbar enlargement
T9-T12
conus medullaris
inferior end of spinal cord
between L1 and L2
cauda equina
nerve roots extending below conus medullaris
filum terminale
extension of the pia mater that continues past the conus medullaris
connects the inferior end of the spinal cord to the coccyx
anterior median fissure
anterior root of spinal cord
central canal of spinal cord
posterior root of spinal cord
posterior root ganglion
posterior median sulcus
anterior gray horn
anterior white column
gray commissure
lateral gray horn
lateral white column
posterior gray horn
posterior white horn
behind posterior gray matter
epineurium
tissue that surrounds the whole nerve
perineurium
encases each fascicle (bundle of axons)
endoneurium
covers myelinated and unmyelinated axons
anterior ramus
area in front of black bracket
posterior ramus
red arrow
rami communicantes
sympathetic ganglion
31 pairs of spinal nerves and how many of each type
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
plexus
axons from anterior rami of spinal nerves join to form the plexus before they innervate the body
4 regions that form plexuses
cervical
brachial
lumbar
sacral
Which spinal nerves do not form a plexus?
thoracic
cervical plexus
phrenic nerve
brachial plexus
axillary nerve
median nerve
musculocutaneous nerve
radial nerve
ulnar nerve
lumbar plexus
femoral nerve
obturator nerve
sacral plexus
pudendal nerve
sciatic nerve
tibial nerve
fibular nerve
Other sets by this creator