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strengths/weaknesses: methodology 1

Terms in this set (42)

strengths of lab experiments
-high levels of standardization allows for easy replicability
-high levels of control allow for more confidence in effectivity in IVs and DVs
weaknesses of lab experiments
-lacks ecological validity as they take place in an artificial environment
-lacks realism
-participant awareness may impact results
strengths of field experiments
-ecological validity due to realistic setting
-little to no demand characteristics as Ps are unaware of experiment
weaknesses of field experiments
-situational variables difficult to control
-participant unawareness can break ethical guidelines due to informed consent
strengths of natural experiments
-ecological validity due to realistic setting
-behavior more accurate due to participant unawareness
weaknesses of natural experiments
-lack of controls makes establishing a cause/effect relationship difficult
-difficult to replicate
strengths of questionnaires
-participants more likely to be truthful as it is not face-to-face
-time effectivity increases generalizability of data
weaknesses of questionnaires
-p's giving socially desirable answers may lower validity
-closed questions may limit options of p's
strengths of interviews
open-ended questions provide for more insight to p's thought processes
weaknesses of interviews
p's less likely to be truthful as interviews are face-to-face
strengths of case studies
-long-term collection of data increases validity
-natural environment allows for ecological validity
weaknesses of case studies
-generalizations difficult
-attachments may form between Ps and Es which can reduce validity
strengths of observations
-natural behavior can increase ecological validity
-quantitative data allows for minimal bias
weaknesses of observations
-participant awareness may cause less natural behavior and lower validity
-difficult to replicate
strengths of participant observations
-natural environment increases ecological validity
-e's more likely to understand behavior of p's which increases validity
weaknesses of participant observations
-ethical problems as informed consent is not given
-presence of e can affect p behavior and lower validity
strengths of non-participant observations
-p behavior unaffected as e's are not present
-e observations more likely to be objective as they are detached from p's
weaknesses of non-participant observations
detailed observations difficult and qualitative data difficult as understanding of why behaviors occur is absent
strengths of structured observations
coding system (checklist) allows for objective quantitative data to be collected and analyzed statistically
weaknesses of structured observations
sampling of behavior tends to be restrictive and does not give reason as to why behaviors occur
strengths of unstructured observations
can generate detailed qualitative data as to why behaviors occur
weaknesses of unstructured observations
some behaviors of Ps can be misleading as they may not represent all behaviors during observation period
strengths of naturalistic observations
-participant unawareness allows for more natural behavior and removes chances of demand characteristics affecting behavior
-natural setting increases ecological validity
weaknesses of naturalistic observations
-little control over extraneous variables makes drawing cause/effect conclusions difficult
-difficulty of replication makes testing for reliability difficult
strengths of controlled observations
-increases e confidence of behaviors
-less risk of extraneous variables affecting p behavior
weaknesses of controlled observations
-artificial setting can influence participant behavior
-artificial setting lacks ecological validity
strengths of correlations
-good for showing relationship between 2 variables
-correlations do not require manipulations so it can be used in unethical/impractical experiments
weaknesses of correlations
-issues of causality (what causes each variable)
-restricted to quantitative research so does not explain as to why behaviors occur
strengths of independent measures
-Ps less likely to guess aim of study which reduce demand characteristics
-no order effects that can reduce validity
weaknesses of independent measures
participant variables may affect DV as people can form one condition
strengths of repeated measures
-eliminates effects of participant variables
-fewer participants needed
weaknesses of repeated measures
-chances of demand characteristics affecting study
-order effects (practice/fatigue effects) may reduce validity
strengths of quantitative data
-numerical data allows for easier comparison and statistical analysis
-analysis is objective and scientific which allows for minimal chance of miscalculations
weaknesses of quantitative data
-unknown as to why Ps chose answers
-approach can be seen as reductionist as complex ideas are simplified
strengths of qualitative data
in-depth responses represent what participants believe
weaknesses of qualitative data
-researchers can misinterpret words written/said by Ps
-researcher biases as e can select which response best fits hypothesis
strengths of opportunity sampling
large numbers of Ps can be obtained easily
weaknesses of opportunity sampling
unlikely to gain variety of Ps
strengths of random sampling
Es can generalize information more easily as Ps are varied
weaknesses of random sampling
details of target population may be difficult to obtain
strengths of volunteering (self-selecting) sampling
people more likely to participate, drop rates lower; makes generalizations stronger
weaknesses of volunteering (self-selecting) sampling
unlikely to gain wide variety of Ps for generalization
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