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Environment&Context: Ch 2 Textbook

Terms in this set (43)

Technology is very broad and includes the:
Capability given by the practical application of knowledge= smart phone technology or a wheelchair

A manner of accomplishing a task especially using technical processes, methods, or knowledge
Information and communication technologies (ICTS) include______ and are the gateway to the _________
Computers, mobile phones, and tablets

Knowledge based economy
ICTs are tools that dramatically affect the way we ______, ______, and ______, but our tools ultimately control us by?
Learn, work, and play

Making us dependent on them
Access to the Internet is critical for people with disabilities because they lack?
Alternatives for information retrieval or participation in general
ICTs are part of what we refer to as _______ technologies and _______ products for home use
Everyday technologies

Mainstream products-food prep and consumption, self care
The clinical tool that assesses the perceived relevance of, and difficulty in use of, everyday technology, is called?
Everyday Technology Use Questionnaire-ETUQ
The ETUQ includes both _____ and ______
ICTs=mobile phones and tablets, Internet access. computers
and
Common household technologies= iron, stove, radio, microwave oven, and entertainment devices controlled remotely (TVs, DVD players)
-also include technologies outside of the home: elevators, code-operated door locks, ATMs, and automated flight check-in at airports
Example of mainstream technologies that were originally designed for those with disabilities
Cassette tapes and long-playing records were developed to support talking books for the blind

Typewriter was produced for a blind Italian countess

Ballpoint pen was made for people who could not use a pen with a point due to poor manual skills

Telephone to help individuals who were hard of hearing
The contribution to the mainstream of design concepts, materials, and approaches that were originally intended for people with disabilities includes what type of techniques
Material and Manufacturing techniques
Universal Design is the design of products and environments to be ?
Usable by all people , to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design
The increased emphasis on economic sustainability and profit worldwide has caused a level of skepticism in industry regarding the ?
Cost-benefit Ratio of Universal Design
Companies w/ limited profits and competitive markets have adopted a concept that people with limitations should be a ?
Duty of the welfare system in the different countries and should not be an obstacle to the main aim of industry and generation of profit
ATs that assist individuals with disabilities come from two main sources:
Mainstream products-ETS
and
Those designed specifically for individuals with disabilities
Universal Design does not completely eliminate the need for specially designed AT's because
Variety and Complexity of individual needs are too great for inclusion in a single product
Mainstream and specially designed technologies are often combined in what is known as the ?
Modular System
The basic idea of a modular design is to assemble an AT system as a set of?
Distinct components that can be developed independently and then plugged together
Modular based solutions can provide the individual with _________ as the solutions can be adapted exactly to the ________ and _______ of the individual
Optimum usability

Needs and Requirements
Standard/Mainstream hardware/software has no specific focus on _______ but may have __________ or ________ features
Disability

Universal design or Accessibility
Commercially Available refers to devices that are
Mass produced and available off the shelf for both the general population and for individuals with disabilities
ETs are included in this category
The World Wide Web Consortium Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) provides information for evaluating websites for
Accessibility

Guidelines for developing accessible websites

Many documents aimed at making the web as accessible to everyone as possible
Mobile Technologies has standard features that can be used as assistive technologies, such as?
Phone Calendar= memory aid
Navigation software on phone= localization aid
Chart of different options of technologies
Commercially Available, Modified/Adapted Technology, Custom Designed Devices, Standard Mainstream Hardware/Software, Standard Hardware and Devices designed for persons with disabilities
The Input from the HTI must be altered in some way to generate an?
Activity Output or Processor
Hard Technologies are
Readily Available Components that can be purchased and assembled into AT systems
*includes simple mouth sticks, computers, software
Soft Technologies are
Human Areas of decision making, strategies, training, concept formation, and service delivery
Dron stated Hard Technologies are ______ while Soft Technologies are
Physical

Human mediated processes
___________ are the human factors that are necessary adjuncts of the Hard Technologies
Soft Technologies
Soft Technologies are much harder to obtain because they are ____________ rather than _______
Highly Dependent on human knowledge

Tangible objects that can be purchased
Soft Technologies knowledge is obtained
Slowly through:
-Formal Training
-Experience
-Textbooks
Comparison Allocation involves each task to be assigned to?
Completely to the Human or the Device
The __________ define the task that can be assigned, and the __________ determine which capabilities are assigned to it
Users skills

Characteristics of the Technology
Leftover Allocation involves as many functions as possible being assigned to the ______ and the ______ carries out the remainder ?
Human

Device
Leftover Allocation Approach is often followed to give the consumer as much?
Natural Control over his activities as possible, but aid when needed
-Ex: Power-assist wheels
Economic Allocation is the consideration if whether it is?
Cheaper to select, train, and pay a personal assistant to do the activity
Or To
Design an AT system for this purpose
Often the Economic Analysis initially favors the ______ because the __________ is relatively high
Personal Assistant

Purchase cost of the technology

*However the technology cost is a one time expense, and the personal assistant cost is ongoing
Flexible Allocation bases its approach on the user?
Varying their degree of participation in the activity based on skills and needs

WHENEVER POSSIBLE WE USE THIS APPROACH
The Four Components of the HAAT Model are?
Someone(Human)Doing Something(Activity)In a Specific Context Using AT as an Enabler
The boundary between the human user and the AT is called?
Human/Technology Interface (HTI)
Two Functions of Human/Technology Interface (HTI)
Feedback provided to the user of the system regarding the environment
-Speech output of a scanned book for a user who is blind
Operation of the Device
-Visual display of the current mode of operation in a power wheelchair
-Auditory feedback for alarms like low battery
In an mechanical system, such as an manual wheelchair, the HTI is the?
Push Rims used to drive the chair
An Environmental Sensor is a device that can?
Detect various forms of energy
Most common examples of Environmental Sensors in Mobile Technologies are:
Light sensors: cameras = visual image sensor in reading for blind
Sound sensors: microphones=provide auditory output
Motion sensors: accelerometers
Location sensors: gps receivers =navigation
The HTI provides a _________ that the processor combines with the __________ to generate a __________
Signal from the user

Environmental Sensor Input

Activity Output
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