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Anatomy & Physiology 1: Mastering Chapter 3B - Diffusion/Osmosis/Transport Systems

Terms in this set (35)

Of the four factors, levels of intracellular ATP storage, temperature, presence of appropriate transporters and lipid solubility, which affect the permeability of cell membranes to molecules that cross by simple diffusion, which of the following has the strongest influence on permeability?
lipid solubility
Carriers are membrane-bound proteins that transport molecules across a membrane. T/F
True
Is movement of sodium through ion channels passive or active?
passive
The transport of two substances across a membrane in the same direction is known as
cotransport
During cotransport of glucose with sodium, sodium increases the affinity of the carrier molecule for glucose when the binding site is facing which side?
the extracellular fluid
In secondary active transport with sodium, the molecule being transported moved down its electrochemical gradient. T/F
True
The concentration of an anion inside a cell if 0.3%. The concentration of this anion outside the cell is 0.1%. How could the cell obtain more of this ion inside the cell?
active transport
A 300 most cell is placed in a 600 most solution. The solute particles inside the cell are different from those outside the cell. None of the solute particles inside the cell are permeant to the membrane. All of the solute particles in the surrounding solution are permeant to the membrane. Determine the new osmolarity of the ICF.
600 mOsm
A 300 most cell is placed in a 200 most solution. The solute particles inside the cell are the same as those outside the cell, all of which are permeant to the membrane. Determine the new osmolarity of the ICF.
250 mOsm
If a solution contains 0.1 M glucose along with 0.15 M NaCl, what is the osmolarity of this solution?
400 mOsm
(0.15 Na + 0.15 Cl+ 0.1 glucose = 0.4 x 1000 = 400)
If solution 1 (0.1 M glucose and 0.15 M NaCl) and solution 2 (0.4 M glucose) are separated by a membrane, then solution 1 is _________ relative to solution 2.
iso-osmotic
Is the secretion of the neurotransmitter serotonin which is a water-soluble amine molecule, would exocytosis be the proper mechanism of membrane transport?
Yes
Of the various forms of endocytosis which one is the most selective?
receptor-mediated endocytosis
White blood cells are an important component of our immune system. One thing they do is consume and destroy bacteria by extending their plasma membrane around the bacterium and bringing it inside the cell in a vesicle. By what process to they engulf the bacterium?
phagocytosis
Which of the following transport mechanisms has no energy requirement, endocytosis, active transport, osmosis through aquaporins, or secondary active transport?
osmosis through aquaporins
When solute is actively transported across epithelium, what usually follows?
water movement in the same direction
Which gradient is the most accurate description of the force that ultimately determines the movement of ions across the membrane, chemical gradient, electrochemical gradient or electrical gradient?
electrochemical gradient
A beaker with a membrane is separating two solutions, initially of equal volumes. The solution on side A is 100 mM KCl while the solution on side B is 150 mM sucrose. The membrane is not permeable to ions or carbohydrates. In what way will the water move?
down its concentration gradient from side B to side A
Which of the following ions is found in a higher concentration in the ICF compartment, Na, K+, or Cl-?
K+
Which of the following situations might cause the rate of diffusion of a substance to slow down?
1. increased membrane surface area
2. increased membrane thickness
3. slightly increased temperature of the solution
increased membrane thickness
Which of the following pairs of characteristics is more likely to make a substance diffuse through the cell membrane?
1. small: non-polar molecule
2. large:non-polar molecule
3. small:polar molecule
4. large:polar molecule
small:non-polar
The diffusion rate is:
the speed at which diffusion takes place
One way that membrane surface area is increased in absorptive cells is through increasing the ________ of the apical membrane.
folding
Is movement of sodium through ion channels passive or active transport?
passive
In facilitated diffusion, a molecule is moved____________
down its concentration gradient with the assistance of a protein carrier molecule, and no energy is required.
The transport of two substances across a membrane in the same direction is known as _________________.
cotransport
Which of the following transport mechanisms requires energy?
1. primary active transport only
2. secondary active transport only
3. both primary and secondary active transport
4. both primary active transport and facilitated diffusion
both primary and secondary active transport
What transport process couples the movement of an ion against its electrochemical gradient to another ion that is moving down its electrochemical gradient that was established using cellular energy (ATP)?
secondary active transport
Regarding Ca2+ pumps........calcium is actively transported from an organelle into the cytosol. T/F
False
Which of the following statements about glucose cotransport with sodium is true?
1. glucose moved into the cell while sodium moves out of the cell
2. glucose moves out of the cell while sodium moves into the cell
3. glucose and sodium both move into the cell
4. glucose and sodium both move out of the cell
glucose and sodium both move into the cell
What is the meaning of carrier proteins and pumps becoming saturated?
These transporters have reached a maximal net flux, beyond which further increases in concentration no longer affect their rate
Why are primary active transporters many times called ATPases?
they act as enzymes to release energy from ATP
In epithelial tissue, the cells are linked together by ___________, which prevent paracellular movement from lumen to extracellular fluid.
tight junctions
In epithelial transport, movement from the internal environment to the external environment is called ___________, whereas movement from the external environment to the internal environment is called __________.
secretion:absorption
Where is most of the water in the body located?
intracellular fluid
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