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1.0 Unit 1 MC Exam

Terms in this set (24)

Today, psychology is defined as the:
scientific study of behavior and mental process
Psychologist who study the degree to which genes influence our personality are working from the _______ perspective
Biological
Dr. R conducts basic research on the relationship between the brain chemistry and intellectual functioning. Which psychological speciality does Dr. R research best represent?
Biological psychology
Which best exemplifies contemporary psychology's understanding of the nature and nurture issue?
Depression is a disorder of the brain and of thought
Mrs. Thompson believes that her son has become an excellent student because she consistently uses praise and affection to stimulate his learning efforts. Her belief best illustrates a ________ perspective.
behavioral
Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference enhanced the survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the ________ perspective.
evolutionary
Efforts to discover whether the intelligence of children is more heavily influenced by their biology or by their home environments are most directly relevant to the debate regarding
nature versus nurture
Mrs. Alfieri believes that her husband's angry outbursts against her result from his unconscious hatred of his own mother. Mrs. Alfieri is looking at her husband's behavior from a(n) ________ perspective.
psychodynamic
Professor Brody attempts to measure the relative contributions of inborn traits and social influences on sexual behavior. Her research efforts best illustrate the interests of the ________ approach.
biopsychosocial
Psychologist who study, assess, and treat troubled people are called
clinical psychologists
A psychologist who explores how Asian and North American definitions of attractiveness differ is working from the _____ perspective.
social-cultural
Ethical Principles developed by the American Psychological Association help ensure that human participants in psychological research
are protected from physical and psychological harm
Which technique most clearly minimizes the likelihood that any outcome differences between the experimental and control conditions can be attributed to age or personality differences in research participants?
random assignment
A survey shows that children who have encyclopedias in their homes earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having encyclopedias at home improves grades. This conclusion is erroneous primarily because the researcher has incorrectly
inferred causation from correlation
In 1953, H.M. Underwent surgery to control his seizures. Doctors removed tissue from the hippocampus. As a result H.M.'s memory was severely impaired. Psychologist studied his memory function until death.. which research method did the psychologist utilize in this situation
Case study
The process of replication is most likely to be facilitated by
operational definitions
According to Emily's grandfather, Adolf Hitler's obvious emotional instability made it clear from the beginning days of his international conflicts that Germany would inevitably lose World War II. The grandfather's claim best illustrates
hindsight bias
The biggest danger of relying on case study evidence is that it
may be unrepresentative of what is generally true
A majority of respondents in a national survey agreed that "classroom prayer should not be allowed in public schools." Only 33 percent of respondents in a similar survey agreed that "classroom prayer in public schools should be banned." These divergent findings best illustrate the importance of
wording effects
If the correlation between the physical weight and reading ability of children is +0.85, this would indicate that
better reading ability is associated with greater physical weight among children
A researcher interested in proving a causal relationship between two variables should choose which research method m?
Experiment
Researchers are interested in studying the relationship between port prenatal nutrition and early cognitive development.. because if ethical concerns which research method is best?
Survey
Researchers use experiments rather than other research methods in order to distinguish between
causes and effects
If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than poor people are, this would indicate that wealth and marital satisfaction are
negatively correlated
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