EMT Quiz 1-3

5.0 (1 review)
When performing CPR with an advanced airway in place, healthcare providers should perform Basic life support in the following manner;
-CPR does not change with advanced airways
-Continues compressions and one ventilation every three seconds
-30 compression and then 1 ventilations
-Continuous compression and one ventilation every six seconds
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Terms in this set (178)
When performing CPR with an advanced airway in place, healthcare providers should perform Basic life support in the following manner;
-CPR does not change with advanced airways
-Continues compressions and one ventilation every three seconds
-30 compression and then 1 ventilations
-Continuous compression and one ventilation every six seconds
Continuous compression and one ventilation every six seconds
When providing rescue breathing for a Infant that has a pulse you should give one breath every:
2-3 seconds
5-6 seconds
5 seconds
3 seconds
2-3 seconds
A 9-1-1 dispatch center is called a public safety __________, or PSAP.
Physician secured accessibility provider
Public safety access point
Primary system access provider
Paramedic sending accessary provider
Public safety access point
Which of the following is NOT a role of the emergency medical dispatcher?
Providing patient care instructions to EMS personnel
Dispatching appropriate resources to the scene
Determining the location of the patient
Providing instructions for emergency care to callers
Providing patient care instructions to EMS personnel
Which of the following is a role the EMT should take in the quality improvement process?
Obtaining feedback from patients and hospital staff
Maintaining the equipment on the ambulance in proper working order
Keeping carefully written documentation
All of these are the role of the EMT in the quality improvement process
All of these are the role of the EMT in the quality improvement process
The general adaptation syndrome is characterized by which of the following phases?
immediate reaction, psychological exhaustion, and depression
reaction and resistance, euphoria, and physical exhaustion
delayed reaction, screaming response, and physical recovery
alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery
alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery
Which of the following is NOT an appropriate use of patient care report (PCR) information?
For referral to Alcoholics Anonymous or similar social services
To conduct research
For billing and insurance purposes
To provide EMS personnel with education and quality assurance
For referral to Alcoholics Anonymous or similar social services
Which of the following is acceptable when documenting your time of arrival on the scene?
Use the clock in the ambulance to establish the arrival time.
Check your watch as you pull up to the scene.
Estimate the amount of time it took you to get from your starting location to the scene.
Rely on the dispatcher for the accurate time of arrival.
Rely on the dispatcher for the accurate time of arrival.
The axial skeleton is composed of the:
skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column.
arms, legs, and pelvis.
lower part of the torso and the legs.
bones that comprise the pelvic girdle.
skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column.
The ___________ plane separates the body into left and right halves.
lateral transverse line
transverse
coronal
midsagittal
midsagittal
A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is: oxygen. lactic acid. heat. nitrogen.heatWhich of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitoneal space? abdominal aorta kidneys spleen gallbladderkidneysWhen providing rescue breathing for an Adult that has a pulse you should give one breath every: 3 seconds 5 seconds 6 seconds 3-5 seconds6 secsWhat BEST defines direction given to the EMT by a physician over the telephone or radio? Virtual medical direction Off-line medical direction On-line medical direction Verbal medical directionon-lineAt the scene of an automobile crash, a utility pole has been broken, and power lines are lying across the car. The patients inside the car are conscious. You should: remove the lines with a nonconductive object. proceed with normal extrication procedures. mark off a danger zone around the downed lines. advise the patients to carefully get out of the car.mark off a danger zone around the downed lines.You are interviewing a 52-year-old man who complains of chest discomfort. The patient is a retired paramedic and is very anxious because he thinks he is having a heart attack. Which of the following statements would be appropriate to say? "I notice that you are a retired paramedic, so I'm sure you will understand all of the things that we will be doing to you." "We need to take you to the ED stat because this is a 10-33. We will give you ASA and NTG en route and then reassess your vitals. Do you have any questions?" "It is possible that you are experiencing a heart attack. I am going to give you four baby aspirin to chew and swallow." "This is nothing to worry about. Please try to stay calm. The physician at the hospital will probably not find any signs of a heart problem.""It is possible that you are experiencing a heart attack. I am going to give you four baby aspirin to chew and swallow."The liver can be found in the ________. right upper quadrant (RUQ) and left upper quadrant (LUQ) right lower quadrant (RLQ) and right upper quadrant (RUQ) left lower quadrant (LLQ) and right lower quadrant (RLQ) left upper quadrant (LUQ) and left lower quadrant (LLQ)RUQThe volume of air that is moved in and out of the chest in a normal breath cycle is called: expiration. inspiration. vital capacity. tidal volume.tidal volumeThe connecting nerve, a nerve of the peripheral nervous system, functions by: connecting the sensory and motor nerves and bypassing the brain. connecting the spinal cord directly to the target tissues of eyes, nose and toes. connecting motor nerves directly to the walls of the blood vessels. connecting sensory nerves directly to the matrix.connecting the sensory and motor nerves and bypassing the brain.Your patient is an 84-year-old male with difficulty breathing and peripheral edema. He tells you he has been suffering for many years with "heart failure" and his condition is worsening, especially with trouble breathing at night. Your knowledge of cardiovascular physiology suggests that his condition could have resulted from the failure of either the right or left side of his heart. Which chamber of the heart is the strongest, most muscular part of the heart and is primarily responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body? Right atrium Left atrium Left ventricle Right ventricleLeft ventricleWhen ventilating a child with inadequate respirations, which of the following is the maximum rate at which artificial respirations should be delivered? 10 per minute 16 per minute 40 per minute 30 per minute30Of the following, which is the lowest priority of the EMT at the scene of a hazardous materials incident? Personal safety Safety of the public Treatment the injured Safety of othersTreatment the injuredWhich of the following types of blood vessels allow the exchange of substances directly between the blood and the cells of the body? Alveoli Veins Capillaries ArteriolesCapillariesThe left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the: pulmonary veins. superior venae cavae. pulmonary arteries. inferior venae cavae.pulmonary veins.Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is generated when: the cells function without oxygen. carbon dioxide levels in the liver are high. the cells function with adequate oxygen. circulating FTE, HTZC and RNA levels fall.the cells function with adequate oxygen.You are performing abdominal thrusts on a nine-year-old child when he suddenly becomes unresponsive. After you yell for help what is the most appropriate action to take next? Continue performing abdominal thrusts Provide five back slaps followed by five chest thrusts Begin high quality CPR starting with chest compressions Check for pulseBegin CPRMovement or motion away from the body's midline is called: abduction. flexion. adduction. extension.abductionCardiac output (CO) is affected by: stroke volume only. stroke volume and heart rate. the patient's blood pressure. heart rate only.SV &HRThe ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis. thoracic lumbar sacrum coccyxsacrumWhen performing CPR on an Infant with multible rescuers you should use what kind of CPR technique for chest compressions? Lower half of the sternum 1 1/2 inches deep 2 finger chest compressions and 2 inches deep Two thumb encircling hand technique and to depth of 1 1/2 inches deep One hand chest compressions in the middle of the sternum 2 inches deepTwo thumb encircling hand technique and to depth of 1 1/2 inches deepWhich of the following is a role of the EMT in the quality improvement process? Writing complete patient care reports Assuring personal safety Critiquing performance of one's partner Taking responsibility for the actions of one's partnerWriting complete patient care reportsPutrefaction is defined as: blood settling to the lowest point of the body. separation of the torso from the rest of the body. profound cyanosis to the trunk and face. decomposition of the body's tissues.decomposition of the body's tissues.Any radio hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that is located in a fixed location is called a: base station. mobile radio. repeater. multiplex.base stationA fracture of the humerus just above the elbow would be described as a: distal forearm fracture. proximal elbow fracture. proximal humerus fracture. distal humerus fracture.distal humerus fracture.The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitoneal organs because they: sit in front of the liver, spleen, and stomach. lie just anterior to the costovertebral angle. are located behind the abdominal cavity.are located behind the abdominal cavity.The supporting bone of the arm is the: radius. humerus. ulna. clavicle.humerus.In a high performance CPR team with professional rescuers who is responsible to make sure that high-quality CPR is being performed? The fire captain CPR Coach The ALS provider Team leaderCPR CoachWhat is the rate and depth of chest compressions on an Adult? 100 to 120 compressions per minute and 1 1/2 inches deep A rate of 60 to 80 compressions per minute at a depth of 1 inch At least 80 to 100 compressions per minute and 2 inches deep 100 to 120 compressions per minute and at least 2 inches deep100 to 120 compressions per minute and at least 2 inches deepWhich of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant? speaks his or her name, and runs around efficiently knows his or her name, can walk without any assistance places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up walks without help, becomes frustrated with restrictionsplaces objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself upYou are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that: assisted ventilations in infants often need to be forceful to inflate their lungs and should last 1 1/2 to 2 seconds each. an infant's head should be placed in a hyper-flexed position to prevent obstruction. the infant's proportionately small tongue almost never causes an airway obstruction. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because: of the nephron effect. the blood vessels become stiff because of cardiovascular disease. the arteries dilate significantly. the blood thickens and developes altones as a person ages.BUpon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you find a single patient still seated in his car. There are no scene hazards. As you approach the vehicle, you note that the patient is semiconscious and has a large laceration to his forehead. You should: apply a cervical collar and quickly remove the patient with a clothes drag. slide a long backboard under his buttocks and lay him sideways on the board. apply a vest-style extrication device before attempting to move the patient. direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patient's head.DYou respond to the residence of a 62-year-old male who is unresponsive. Your primary assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic. You should: notify dispatch and request a paramedic ambulance. start CPR and attach the AED as soon as possible. perform CPR and transport the patient immediately. ask the family if the patient has a terminal disease.bYou are called to a 72-year-old patient with weakness and headache with an initial blood pressure of 140/92. Her repeat blood pressure at 5 minutes is unchanged. Her condition is called: hypertension. prehypertension. hypotension. stroke.aWhich of the following pupillary changes would indicate depressed brain function? Both pupils constrict when a bright light is introduced. Both pupils dilate when a bright light is removed. Both pupils dilate with introduction of a bright light. Both pupils react briskly to light instead of sluggishly.CEnd-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is defined as the: maximal concentration of CO2 at the end of an exhaled breath. amount of CO2 that a person breathes in during a single inhalation. total amount of CO2 that remains in the lungs between breaths. maximum amount of CO2 that remains in the lungs at all times.AA full H tank oxygen cylinder has: 2000 psi. 4200 psi. 2250 psi. 2500 psi.AA 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should: contact medical control and apprise him or her of what you did. administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication. check the drug's expiration date to ensure that it is still current.CAn IO needle is inserted into the: artery vein skin boneDNitroglycerin (Nitro) is used for patients with recurrent chest pain or a history of heart attack. Nitro is supplied in what two ways used by EMTs? Aerosol and spray Pills and injectable Pills and spray Ointment and pillsCWhen performing CPR, chest compression should not be delayed or stopped more how many seconds? 2 seconds 15 seconds 30 seconds 10 secondsDYou are assessing a 6-month-old female patient who, according to the parents, is not acting normally. At this stage of development, the patient should be able to do which of the following? Sleep Sit upright in a high chair Respond to the word "no" Sit alone on the floorBThe risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to: low blood pressure. meningeal deterioration. a decrease in neurons. shrinkage of the brain.DFor an adult, the normal resting pulse should be between: 60 and 100 beats/min. 50 and 70 beats/min. 50 and 60 beats/min. 70 and 110 beats/min.AYou respond to a call for a female pedestrian who has been struck by a car. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a primary assessment. She is unconscious, has ineffective breathing, and has bloody secretions in her mouth. You should: assist her breathing with a bag-mask device. assess the rate and quality of her pulse. quickly insert an oropharyngeal airway. immediately suction her oropharynx.DA blood pressure cuff that is too small for a patient's arm will give a: pain to the patient when used. cuff size does not effect blood pressure readings. falsely high systolic an no diastolic reading. falsely high systolic and diastolic reading.DWhich of the following statements regarding the blood pressure is correct? Blood pressure is not always measured in children younger than 3 years of age because they are non-compliant. Blood pressure falls early in patients with hypoperfusion. Blood pressure is related to the blood sugar The systolic pressure represents ventricular relaxation.AWhich of the following medical history questions would be of LEAST pertinence in an acute situation? "Has this ever happened to you before?" "Are there medications that you cannot take?" "Does your mother have diabetes?" "Does the pain stay in your chest?"CIn the presence of adequate oxygen, the mitochondria of the cells convert glucose into energy through a process called: aerobic metabolism. respiration. perfusion. anaerobic metabolism.AWith a good mask-to-face seal and an oxygen flow rate of 15 L/min, the nonrebreathing mask is capable of delivering up to ______% inspired oxygen. 55 90 100 24 - 44BWhat is the rate and depth of chest compressions on an Adult? A rate of 60 to 80 compressions per minute at a depth of 1 inch 100 to 120 compressions per minute and 1 1/2 inches deep 100 to 120 compressions per minute and at least 2 inches deep At least 80 to 100 compressions per minute and 2 inches deepCIf you find an adult laying on the ground what is your first course of action? Start rescue breathing Start high quality CPR starting with chest compressions Verifying that the scene is safe for you and the victim Activate emergency response systemCPhysical changes that typically occur in early adults include an: increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain. increase in respiratory rate due to increased metabolism. increase in height because of spinal disc expansion. increase in eye problems requiring reading glasses.AWhich of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant? knows his or her name, can walk without any assistance walks without help, becomes frustrated with restrictions speaks his or her name, and runs around efficiently places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself upDMiddle adulthood is the stage of life from __ to __ years. 41; 60 35; 55 35; 65 31; 60AThe direct carry is used to transfer a patient: from a bed to the ambulance stretcher. with a possible cervical spine injury. who cannot be placed on a backboard. with multiple long bone injuries.ATo be a great EMT, strive for: foundational knowledge. management work. the chance to replace an EMR. retraining.AA patient who does not respond to your questions but moves or cries out when his or her trapezius muscle is pinched, is said to be: completely unresponsive. conscious and alert. responsive to verbal stimuli. responsive to painful stimuli.DWhen assessing motor function in a conscious patient's lower extremities, you should expect the patient to: wiggle his or her toes on command. note any changes in temperature. feel you touching the extremity. identify different types of stimuliADuring the primary assessment, circulation is evaluated by assessing: external bleeding, skin condition, and pulse oximeter. pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition. blood pressure, pulse rate, and external bleeding. skin quality, blood pressure, and capillary refill.BYou arrive on-scene of a 56-year-old female patient in cardiac arrest. What is the first airway you should administer? Combitube Oropharyngeal airway Nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) Pharyngeal-Tracheal Lumen airwayBWhich of the following statements regarding positive-pressure ventilation is correct? To prevent hypotension, the EMT should increase the rate and force of positive-pressure ventilation. Positive-pressure ventilation allows blood to naturally be pulled back to the heart from the body. There is no such thing as positive-pressure ventilation. With positive-pressure ventilation, more volume is required to have the same effects as normal breathing.DA common side effect of nitroglycerin reported by patients is a pounding headache. How does nitroglycerin cause a headache while simultaneously reducing chest pain? Nitroglycerin vasoconstricts blood vessels, pushing painful toxins out of the heart while at the same time reducing blood flow to the brain. Nitroglycerin vasoconstricts blood vessels, forcing more oxygen-rich blood into the heart, while also increasing the pressure in the cerebral arteries. Nitroglycerin dilates the blood vessels, increasing blood flow to the heart, and increases the pressure in the cerebral vessels. Nitroglycerin dilates the blood vessels, flushing out toxins that then go to the brain.CWhich of the following medication routes would be the MOST appropriate to use in an unconscious patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained? intraosseous (IO) intramuscular subcutaneous transcutaneousANitroglycerin is indicated for which of the following chief complaints? Decreased level of consciousness Headache Chest pain Difficulty breathingCWhen providing rescue breathing for an Adult that has a pulse you should give one breath every: 3 seconds 6 seconds 5 seconds 3-5 secondsBWhich of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct? An infant's normal tidal volume decreases in volume as they age. An infant's heart rate generally ranges between 100 and 160 beats/min. An infant's normal body temperature is 92.6 degrees. An infant's normal heart rate increases by 10 beats/min as they age.BYou and your partner enter the residence of an elderly couple, both of whom are found unconscious in their bed. There is no evidence of trauma. As you begin your assessment, you and your partner notice the smell of natural gas in the residence. Which of the following should be your MOST appropriate action? Perform a rapid assessment and then move the patients from their residence. Request another ambulance to assist with lifting and moving the patients. Rapidly remove the patients from their residence using a blanket or clothes drag. Quickly exit the residence and request the fire department to move the patients.CIn patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be apparent only in certain areas, such as the: back of the neck. forehead and face. inside of lips. back of the hand.CThe "Golden Period" begins when an injury occurs and ends when: the patient is admitted to the ICU. you arrive at the emergency department. the patient receives definitive care. you depart the scene for the hospital.CPoor peripheral circulation will cause the skin to appear: flushed or red. ashen or gray. pink. jaundice.BYou are ventilating an 85-year-old male without difficulty. A nurse tells you that the patient has dentures. To ensure a good mask seal, you should: leave the dentures in place. use an infant mask over the nose. remove the dentures. tape the dentures in place.AAn adult at rest should have a respiratory rate that ranges between: 8 and 15 breaths/min. 16 and 24 breaths/min. 10 and 18 breaths/min. 12 and 20 breaths/min.DTidal volume is defined as the volume of air that: is forced into the lungs as a result of positive pressure. remains in the lungs following a complete exhalation. is moved through the lungs in a single minute. moves into or out of the lungs in a single breath.DWhat is the danger that an altered mental status can pose to a patient's breathing? Loss of muscle tone and airway collapse Depressed alveolar function Bronchospasms HyperoxiaAYou are on the scene at a fancy hotel room for a 60-year-old male patient who calls 911 at 10 p.m. for chest pains. He states he was about to go to bed when he suddenly had chest pain that would not go away. He rates his pain as a 7 out of 10 and is diaphoretic. His vital signs are stable, and he takes medications for hypertension, high cholesterol, pulmonary hypertension, and erectile dysfunction. The patient is allergic to morphine. You contact medical control and request: to administer aspirin to the patient. to administer both aspirin and nitroglycerin to the patient. no orders. to administer nitroglycerin to the patient.AAdvil, Nuprin, and Motrin are brand (trade) names for the generic medication: ibuprofen. acetaminophen. nitrostat. aspirin.AWhat is the 5th link in the adult out of the hospital chain of survival? Multi discipline post cardiac arrest care High-quality CPR Rapid defibrillation or AED Advanced life supportAWhen providing rescue breathing for a Child that has a pulse you should give one breath every: 5-6 seconds 2-3 seconds 5 seconds 3 secondsBIn this stage of development, there are several physiological and psychosocial changes, second only to infancy or adolescence. Preschool age Late adulthood Middle adulthood ToddlerDWhich of the following is NOT a common psychosocial challenge of late adulthood? Self-destructive behaviors Issues of self-worth Concern about death and dying Financial burdensAWhich of the following is the term used to describe an infant's reaction to his environment? Attitude Temperament Bonding PersonalityBWhen using a body drag to pull a patient who is on the ground, you should: bend your back laterally to maximize your amount of pulling power. extend your elbows as far beyond your anterior torso as possible. kneel to minimize the distance that you will have to lean over. avoid situations involving strenuous effort lasting more than 5 minutes.CWhen you assess capillary refill time (CRT) in an infant, normal color to the tested area should return within: 1 second. 4 seconds. 3 seconds. 2 seconds.DYou are unable to find a radial pulse on a patient from a motor vehicle crash. You should: listen for heart sounds apply the pulse oximeter. attempt to find the carotid pulse. begin chest compressions.CWhen evaluating a patient with multiple complaints, the EMT's responsibility is to: assess each complaint based on the patient's perception of its seriousness. direct his or her attention to the most obvious signs and symptoms. definitively rule out serious causes of each of the patient's complaints. determine which complaint poses the greatest threat to the patient's life.DWhen performing a full-body scan on a supine patient, what part of the body is typically assessed last? extremities abdomen posterior anterior chestCA 71-year-old male is semiconscious following a sudden, severe headache. There is vomitus on his face and his respirations are slow and shallow. The EMT must immediately: apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-mask device. perform oropharyngeal suctioning. insert a nasopharyngeal airway.CYou and your partner are caring for a critically injured patient. Your partner is controlling severe bleeding from the patient's lower extremities as you attempt ventilations with a bag-mask device. You are unable to effectively ventilate the patient. You should: reposition the patient's head and reattempt ventilations. suction the patient's airway for 30 seconds and reattempt ventilations. continue attempted ventilations and transport immediately. call for a paramedic to use an advanced airway.ADespite your attempts to coach a conscious young female's respirations, she continues to hyperventilate with a marked reduction in tidal volume. You should: explain to her that you will assist her ventilations. restrain her and provide ventilatory assistance. ventilate her at the rate at which she is breathing. insert a nasopharyngeal airway and give oxygen.AYou are on the scene of a 48-year-old male patient complaining of chest pain. He has nitroglycerin prescribed and available. After performing your physical examination, you contact medical control and are ordered to assist the patient in taking his nitroglycerin. Five minutes after taking his nitroglycerin, the patient complains of being dizzy and having a headache. You lie the patient down on the stretcher and reassess his vital signs. He is now hypotensive. The patient is: suffering from the side effects of nitroglycerin. suffering from an allergic reaction to nitroglycerin. suffering from an untoward reaction to nitroglycerin. suffering from an anaphylactic reaction to nitroglycerin.AWhen given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain, nitroglycerin: constricts the veins throughout the body. increases blood return to the right atrium. relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries. increases myocardial contraction force.CThe epinephrine auto-injector is given via the _______________ route. oral digestive enteral parenteralDWhen using a pocket mask, without supplemental oxygen, to ventilate the patient the percentage of oxygen delivered is; 46% 21% 6% 17%DWhen ventilating a child with inadequate respirations, which of the following is the maximum rate at which artificial respirations should be delivered? 16 per minute 30 per minute 40 per minute 10 per minuteBWhen assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is MOST important to remember that: the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock. irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock. multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock.CNeurogenic shock occurs when: failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation. there is too much blood to fill a smaller vascular container. the spinal cord is severed and causes massive hemorrhaging. massive vasoconstriction occurs distal to a spinal cord injury.AWhen performing CPR, what is the rate of chest compressions per minute for an adult patient? At least 80-120 At least 100 120 100 to 120DDespite your best efforts to help, a child with a known airway obstruction has become unresponsive. You should: Ventilate the patient. Start CPR and visualize the airway before attempting to ventilate. Perform abdominal thrusts. Perform back blows.BDistributive shock occurs when: severe bleeding causes tachycardia in order to distribute blood to the organs faster. lasers are shot into the eye. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds. an injury causes restriction of the heart muscle and impairs its pumping function.CYou are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who fainted. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert, and states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the patient, but she refuses to accept it. At this point, your primary concern should be to: advise her that she needs to go to the hospital. obtain baseline vital signs and a medical history. determine if she was injured when she fainted. provide emotional support regarding her sister.CA construction worker fell approximately 30 feet. He is semiconscious with slow, shallow respirations. Further assessment reveals deformity to the thoracic region of his spine. His blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg, his pulse is 66 beats/min and weak, and his skin is warm and dry. In addition to spinal immobilization and rapid transport, the MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: oxygen via nonrebreathing mask, preventing hyperthermia, and elevating his lower extremities. oxygen via nonrebreathing mask, blankets for warmth, and elevation of his head. oxygen via nonrebreathing mask, thermal management, and bring the fire Captain. assisted ventilation with O2 and BVM, thermal management, and maintaining c-spine.DThe EMTs should provide dyspneic patients with viral respiratory infections: a prescribed inhaler. a small-volume nebulizer. oxygen. antibiotics.CWhich of the following correctly describes the normal path of electricity through the cardiac conduction system? AV node, internodal pathways, SA node, bundle of His, left and right bundle branches, Purkinje system SA node, internodal pathways, AV node, bundle of His, left and right bundle branches, Purkinje system internodal pathways, SA node, AV node, left and right bundle branches, bundle of His, Purkinje system SA node, AV node, internodal pathways, bundle of His, Purkinje system, left and right bundle branchesBWhich of the following statements regarding the pain associated with AMI is correct? It often fluctuates in intensity when the patient breathes. It is often described by the patient as a sharp stabbing feeling. Nitroglycerin always resolves the pain within 30 minutes. It can occur during exertion or when the patient is at rest.DWhich of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke? a postictal state intracranial bleeding hypovolemia hypoglycemiaCYour patient is a 70-year-old man whose wife called EMS because her husband began exhibiting unusual behavior. Upon your arrival you introduce yourself to the patient, who responds, "Not until nine o'clock." This phenomenon is BEST described as: unresponsive to verbal stimuli. disorientation to time. dysarthria. receptive aphasia.DIn an unresponsive 3 year old how long should you check for a pulse? 3 seconds 5 - 10 seconds 30 seconds 15 secondsBWhich of the following conditions would make you suspect shock, headache infection vision changes homeostasisBWays to prevent gastric distention include all BUT: using head tilt chin lift. apply manual pressure to the abdomen. always maintain the patients airway in the open position. do slow controlled ventilations over 1 second.BAfter ________ minutes without oxygen, brain damage is likely. 22 10 15 6DCPR should be initiated when: signs of putrefaction are present. a valid living will with DNR is unavailable. the carotid pulse is very weak. rigor mortis is obvious.BA 70-year-old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip replacement. Today, she presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and a blood pressure of 100/64 mm Hg. Her skin is warm and moist. You should be MOST suspicious that she is experiencing: septic shock. a local infection. decompensated shock. pump failure.AOne of the primary waste products of normal cellular metabolism that must be removed from the body by the lungs is: pyruvic acid. lactic acid. carbon dioxide. carbon monoxide.CHypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of: whole blood. red blood cells. plasma. platelets.CWhich of the following is proper when assisting a patient with the use of a prescribed inhaler? Have the patient hold the inhaled medication in his lungs as long as possible. Have the patient inhale deeply before delivering the spray. Do not use the patient's inhaler, because you do not know how the medication has been stored. Make sure that the inhaler has been kept in the refrigerator.AWhich of the following inhalers would NOT be used to reverse an asthma attack? Ventolin Proventil Asprin AlbuterolCA dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when: an occlusion develops in the aorta. the aorta seperates and forms 2 seperate blood vessels. all layers of the aorta suddenly contract. the inner layers of the aorta wall become separated and bulge out.DThe iliac arteries immediately subdivide into the: femoral arteries. anterior tibial arteries. posterior tibial arteries. peroneal arteries.AWhich of the following represents the MOST appropriate method of assisting a patient with his or her prescribed nitroglycerin tablet or spray? Place the medication under the tongue and have the patient swallow it. Administer the medication sublingually and allow it to dissolve or absorb. Encourage the patient to chew the tablet to increase its effectiveness. Wait 15 minutes and reassess the blood pressure prior to administering another dose.BThe electrical stimulus that originates in the heart's primary pacemaker is controlled by impulses from the brain that arrive by way of the: autonomic nervous system. pons and medulla. parietal lobe. somatic nervous system.AWhat is epilepsy? A condition in which a person has general seizures that start in infancy. A condition caused by congenital brain abnormalities that causes seizures only twice a year. A condition in which a person has multiple seizures usually controlled by medication. A condition in which a person has an aura followed by seizure usually controlled by medication.CYou respond to a 32-year-old female who is having a seizure. You arrive on the scene to find the patient drowsy, confused, and complaining of a headache. This patient is demonstrating the: postictal phase. clonic phase. aura phase. tonic phase.AYou are dispatched to a residence for a 66-year-old male who has just collapsed, and according to family members, has suffered a massive stroke. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should: initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) as soon as possible. assess the patient for a facial droop and hemiparesis. perform CPR for 10 minutes before applying the AED. obtain a blood glucose sample to rule out hypoglycemia.AWhen delivering positive pressure ventilation to an adult, each ventilation should last; 2 seconds 2 to 3 seconds 1 1/2 seconds 1 secondDWhich of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is MOST correct? Anaphylactic shock occurs a few hours after a person is sensitized to an allergen. Each subsequent exposure following sensitization often produces a more severe reaction. Sensitized people will experience less severe reactions upon subsequent exposure. Anaphylactic shock is the result of immune system failure due to a highly toxic exposure.BWhich of the following is NOT a classification of the severity of shock? Compensated Decompensated Irreversible UncompensatedDOne of the only exceptions for interruptions of chest compressions for extend periods is: moving the patient. pulse checks. changing compression partners. giving breaths.AIn an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by: irregular pulse hypovolemia. bradycardia. tachycardia.CYou are transporting a 33-year-old male who was involved in a motor vehicle crash at a high rate of speed. You have addressed all immediate and potentially life-threatening conditions and have stabilized his condition with the appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should: repeat your secondary assessment. reassess his primary assessment and vital signs every 5 minutes. take his vital signs in 15 minutes. wait on scene for an ALS rendezvous.BA 27-year-old male was stabbed in the chest during a disagreement at a poker game. As you approach him, you see that a knife is impaled in his chest. Before you make physical contact with the patient, it is MOST important to: call for an ALS ambulance. form a general impression. follow standard precautions with PPE. ask bystanders what happened.CWhich of the following does NOT occur during inspiration? Chest cavity increases in size Diaphragm relaxes Diaphragm lowers Intercostal muscles contractBYou are dispatched to a residence for a 67-year-old female who was awakened by acute onset of shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. Her husband tells you that she was recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. Your assessment reveals dried red blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. This patient's presentation is MOST consistent with: spontaneous pneumothorax. acute pulmonary embolism. CVA. acute pulmonary edema.BThe posterior tibial pulse can be palpated: above the lateral radius. on the dorsum of the foot. behind the medial malleolus. in the fossa behind the knee.CIn contrast to AMI, a dissecting aortic aneurysm: often presents with intense tearing pain that is maximal from the onset. is more commonly associated with pressure in the chest. is typically preceded by other symptoms, such as nausea. usually presents gradually, often over a period of hours.AWhen treating a patient with chest pain, you should assume that he or she is having an AMI because: the cause of the pain cannot be diagnosed in the field. most patients with chest pain are experiencing an AMI. angina and AMI present identically. angina usually occurs after an AMI.AWhich of the following MOST accurately describes the cause of an acute ischemic stroke? blockage of a cerebral artery rupture of a cerebral artery acute atherosclerotic disease narrowing of a carotid arteryAWhich of the following is the LEAST important for the patient who has stopped seizing before the EMT's arrival at the scene? Suctioning airway Checking for mechanism of injury Calling medical director Administering oxygenCDuring the primary assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should: ask family members if the patient has a history of stroke. insert a oralpharyngeal airway and assist ventilations. immediately determine the patient's blood glucose level. ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed.DIf the victim of cardiac arrest has an implanted pacemaker or defibrillator, what special steps to be taken? Consider using pediatric pads to decrease a shock dose delivered Avoid placing the AED pads directly over the implanted device Avoid using the AED to prevent damage to the implanted device Turn off the implanted device prior to using the AEDBWhat action should you take when an AED is analyzing the heart rhythm? Continue chest compressions Stay clear of the patient Give rescue breaths Check the pulseBWhen the body senses a state of hypoperfusion, the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine, the effects of which include: hypertension vasodilation. tachycardia. bradycardia.CIn two-rescuer adult CPR, you should deliver a compression to ventilation ratio of: 30:2. 15:2. 5:1. 5:2.AWhich of the following would MOST likely result in hemorrhagic shock? repeated coughing severe vomiting liver laceration excessive sweatingCPulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during: cardiogenic shock. neurogenic shock. septic shock. anaphylactic shock.ALimiting time spent at a scene can be especially important if the mechanism of injury suggests that the patient could go into shock. In order to keep the time at the scene to a minimum, which of the following assessments or treatments should not be performed on the scene? Rapid trauma exam Immobilization ABCs with spinal precautions Splinting swollen extremitiesDWeakening of the airway in patients with chronic bronchitis is the result of: loss of the lubricating substance that facilitates alveolar expansion. airway irritation caused by noise air movement in the lungs. destruction cilia or the protective mechanisms that remove foreign particles from the lungs. acute constriction of the coronary arteries caused by an external irritant.CAfter the administration of a prescribed inhaler, which of the following should the EMT NOT reassess? Respirations Mental status Pupillary size PulseCYou are on the scene of a 65-year-old female patient in cardiac arrest. CPR is in progress and the AED has been applied. The AED does not advise shock. What is your next intervention? Replace the malfunctioning AED. Continue CPR with chest compressions. Stop CPR and place the patient in the recovery position. Insert an OPA or NPABDeoxygenated blood from the body returns to the: left atrium. right ventricle. left ventricle. right atrium.DWhich of the following is NOT a reason that an AED may indicate that there is "no shock advised?" The patient has organized electrical activity in the heart but no pulse. The patient's heart has no electrical activity; he is "flat line," or in asystole. The patient is in ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia. The patient's heart rhythm is normal.CWhat is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score for a patient who does not open eyes, or make sounds, or move too painful stimulus? 7 9 3 5CYou arrive at the residence of a 33-year-old woman who is experiencing a generalized seizure. She has a small amount of vomitus draining from the side of her mouth. After protecting her from further injury, you should: restrain her extremities to prevent her from injuring herself, suction her airway to remove the vomitus, and assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device. wait for the seizure to stop, manually open her airway, insert an oropharyngeal airway, and assess her oxygen saturation with the pulse oximeter. place a bite block in between her teeth, apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, and consider inserting a nasopharyngeal airway. maintain her airway with manual head positioning, suction her airway to remove the vomitus, insert a nasopharyngeal airway, and administer high-flow oxygen.DWhich of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure? congential origin massive stroke poisoning head traumaCWhich of the following clinical signs is unique to anaphylactic shock? hypotension dizziness wheezing pallorCA patient should be placed in the recovery position when he or she: has a pulse but is unconscious and breathing shallowly. is unconscious, uninjured, and breathing adequately. is semiconscious, injured, and breathing adequately. has experienced trauma but is breathing effectively.BThe normal heart rate on an EKG is known as; normal heart rhythm (NHR) normal electrical rhythm (NER) normal ventricular rhythm (NVR) normal sinus rhythm (NSR)DA 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer 100% oxygen and give him epinephrine via Epi pen. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should: request a paramedic unit that is stationed approximately 15 miles away. consider that he may actually be experiencing an acute asthma attack. repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control. transport him immediately and provide supportive care while en route.CWhich of the following statements is correct when talking about neurogenic shock? Neurogenic shock is sometimes caused by spinal injuries. Neurogenic shock is very common in the field. Neurogenic shock is caused by the blood vessels overfilling with blood, causing leaking into the nerves. Neurogenic shock is the result of the blood vessels decreasing in size.AYour patient is a 15-year-old male with a history of multiple prior hospitalizations for asthma. Upon your arrival the patient responds only to painful stimuli and is making very weak respiratory effort. Which of the following should you do next? Assist the patient with his inhaler. Assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device. Check the patient's oxygen saturation level. Contact medical control.BWhich of the following is TRUE concerning expiration? The intercostal muscles contract to force air out of the lungs. The chest cavity increases in size. The diaphragm moves upward. The ribs move upward and outward.CWhen the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal: the brain stem inhibits respirations. respirations decrease in rate and depth. respirations increase in rate and depth. exhalation lasts longer than inhalation.CA weakened area of an artery that balloons out and may rupture, causing catastrophic bleeding, is called: asystole. aneurysm. angioplasty. angina.BThe descending aorta divides into the two iliac arteries at the level of the: pubic symphysis. nipple line. xihoid process. umbilicus.DSinus tachycardia is differentiated from a normal sinus rhythm by the: shape of the P waves. rapid heart rate over 100 width of the QRS complexes. consistency of the P-R intervals.BGlasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score for a patient who opens eyes, moans, and withdraws too painful stimulus? 6 8 12 10BThe death of brain tissue due to deprivation of oxygen because of a blocked or ruptured artery in the brain is known as which of the following? Transient ischemic attack CVA Aphasia SeizureBThe MOST significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is: hypertension. severe stress. diabetes mellitus. heavy exertion.A