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Module 3: Thoracic Viscera: Chest and Upper Airway Quizzes

Terms in this set (26)

The space located between the two pleural cavities is termed the:

-Thoracic aperture
-Mediastinum
-Hilum
-Pleural cavity
Mediastinum

The space between the two pleural cavities is the mediastinum. The mediastinum houses all of the organs of the thoracic cavity except for the lungs and pleurae.
All of the following structures are part of the respiratory system except the:

-Trachea
-Esophagus
-Pharynx
-Bronchi
Esophagus

Although the esophagus is located in the mediastinum, it is part of the alimentary (digestive) canal.
The trachea is posterior to the esophagus.

-True
-False
False

The trachea is located in the midline of the body, just anterior to the esophagus.
The right primary bronchus is wider and more vertically oriented than the left bronchus.

-False
-True
True

This is a true statement. Because of the wider and more vertical shape of the right primary bronchus, aspirated foreign bodies are more likely to lodge in the right primary bronchus than in the left.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the:

-Terminal bronchioles
-Hilum
-Parenchyma
-Alveoli
Alveoli

The alveoli, which line the walls of the alveolar sacs, are the point of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
The light, spongy, elastic substance of the lungs is termed:

-Parenchyma
-Carina
-Bronchiole
-Pleural membrane
Parenchyma

In the lungs, the parenchyma is spongy, light tissue.
The point of bifurcation of the trachea is termed the:

-Carina
-Epiglottis
-Hilum
-Pharynx
Carina

The trachea bifurcates at the carina into the right and left primary bronchi. The carina is the last tracheal cartilage.
The lower, oblique, concave aspect of the lung is termed the:

-Hilum
-Apex
-Costophrenic angle
-Base
Base

The base is the inferior surface of the lung. The bases of the lungs are adjacent to the diaphragm.
The serous membrane covering the lungs is the:


-Hilum
-Carina
-Pleura
-Lingula
Pleura

The lungs are covered by a double layer of serous membrane called the pleura.
All of the following are located within the mediastinum except for the:

-Trachea
-Epiglottis
-Great vessels
-Thymus
Epiglottis

All of the structures listed except the epiglottis are located in the mediastinum.
What is the function of the thyroid gland?


-Produce hormones that control calcium homeostasis
-Secrete digestive enzymes
-Produce two hormones related to metabolism
-Regulate body temperature
Produce two hormones related to metabolism

The thyroid gland is part of the endocrine system and secretes two hormones that are related to metabolism.
Which one of the following conditions is an example of pneumoconiosis?

-Cystic fibrosis
-Bronchiectasis
-Silicosis
-Sarcoidosis
Silicosis

Pneumoconiosis diseases are those that are associated with the inhalation of foreign particles such as silicon dust. Silicosis is a type of pneumoconiosis.
The pharynx is divided into ____ subdivisions.

-4
-3
-2
-1
3

The pharynx is divided into three subdivisions as follows: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngeal pharynx.
Replacement of air with fluid within the lung interstitium and alveoli is the definition of:

-Histoplasmosis
-Pulmonary edema
-Cystic fibrosis
-Atelectasis
Pulmonary edema

Edema generally refers to an accumulation of fluid, so pulmonary edema indicates an accumulation of fluid within the lung.
Both the right and left lungs have two lobes.

-True
-False
False

The right lung is divided into three lobes by two fissures.
For the posteroanterior (PA) projection of the chest, which of the following positions are required?
(1) Upright position
(2) Shoulders rolled forward
(3) Arms elevated overhead

-2 and 3 only
-1 and 2 only
-1, 2, and 3
-1 and 3 only
1 and 2 only

The PA projection of the chest should be made with the patient in the upright position to permit greater lung expansion and to facilitate demonstration of the air/fluid level. The shoulders are also rolled forward to prevent the scapulae from being superimposed on the lung fields. The arms are elevated for the lateral projection of the chest.
Which of the following statements regarding the breathing instructions given to the patient for the PA and lateral projections of the chest is true?

-The exposure is made after the patient holds their breath after inhalation.
-The exposure is made after the patient holds their breath after a second inhalation.
-The exposure is made after complete exhalation to demonstrate the diaphragm at its highest point.
-The exposure is made while the patient breathes quietly.
The exposure is made after the patient holds their breath after a second inhalation.

The proper instruction for chest radiography is for the patient to hold their breath after a second inhalation.
The instruction for a second inhalation is used to allow the patient to practice proper breathing and help avoid imaging of motion.

-True
-False
False

The second inhalation actually is used because greater lung aeration occurs with less effort on the second inhalation.
Which of the following positions would be best to demonstrate a pneumothorax in the left lung in a very ill patient?

-Supine AP projection
-Left lateral decubitus
-Upright PA projection
-Right lateral decubitus
Right lateral decubitus

A right lateral decubitus position will demonstrate a pneumothorax (free air) in the left lung and is the safest option for a seriously ill patient. The patient would be in danger of falling if placed in a seated or standing upright position.
The left lateral position is often used in chest radiography because:

-It provides a less magnified image of the heart
-The left costophrenic angle is lower than the right
-It allows more room for the radiographer to hold the patient in position when necessary
-The left lung is more likely to be affected by respiratory pathologies
It provides a less magnified image of the heart

The left lateral position places the heart closer to the image receptor (IR), so a less magnified image of the heart is obtained.
Which of the following positioning maneuvers are used to prevent distortion and rotation in the PA projection of the chest?
(1) Placing the midcoronal plane (MCP) parallel to the IR
(2) Placing the midsagittal plane (MSP) perpendicular to the IR
(3) Instructing the patient to distribute weight equally on both feet when standing upright

-2 and 3 only
-1 and 3 only
-1 and 2 only
-1, 2, and 3
1, 2, and 3

The planes of the body ensure that the body is not rotated so that a true PA projection can be obtained. Additionally, the patient should be instructed to place the body weight equally on both feet to prevent angling of the body planes.
Which lung is better demonstrated in AP oblique projections of the chest?

-The lung positioned closer to the image receptor
-The two lungs are equally demonstrated in AP oblique projections of the chest.
-The elevated lung
-Neither lung is better demonstrated; AP oblique projections are used to demonstrate the heart shadow.
The lung is positioned closer to the image receptor

The AP oblique projections demonstrate the lung that is positioned closer to the image receptor.
Which projection of the chest requires the patient to lean back and rest the posterior shoulders on the vertical grid device?

-AP axial
-PA
-AP
-Lateral
AP axial

The AP axial projection, lordotic position, requires the patient to lean back and rest only on the posterior aspect of the shoulders on the vertical grid device.
Why must the arms be positioned at at least a right angle to the body for the lateral projection of the chest?

-To place the hilum at the center of the collimated field
-To place the clavicles above the apices
-To remove the arms and associated soft tissues from the lung fields
-To remove the scapulae from the lung fields
To remove the arms and associated soft tissues from the lung fields

The arms are positioned at least 90 degrees from the body to remove them from the lung fields.
The patient is positioned supine with the image receptor adjacent to the patient's left thorax. The central ray is directed horizontally to enter the right lung perpendicular to the image receptor. What projection and anatomy will be depicted in the image?

-Lateral; right lung
-AP oblique; left lung
-AP/PA; both lungs
-Lateral; left lung
Lateral; the left lung

This describes the dorsal decubitus position with the left side closer to the image receptor; therefore the left lung will be demonstrated.
2) Which of the following positioning techniques will remove the scapulae from the lung fields for a PA projection of the chest?

-Rolling the shoulders forward
-Resting the backs of hands low on the hips
-Having the patient inspire deeply
-Positioning the midcoronal plane parallel with the image receptor
Rolling the shoulders forward

The scapulae move laterally from the lung fields when the shoulders are rolled forward.
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