G- bugs and symptoms

Non-specific prodrome of cough, HA and sore throat. After a few days, rising temps, vomiting, photophobia, weakness, N/V, neck stiffness, rash, seizures. Fulminant: hemorrhages on buccal mucosa, profound shock, hypotension, pulmonary insufficiency.Causes meningitis, 10x risk with HIV/AIDS patients.
GLASS TEST Neisseria meningitidis
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Non-specific prodrome of cough, HA and sore throat. After a few days, rising temps, vomiting, photophobia, weakness, N/V, neck stiffness, rash, seizures. Fulminant: hemorrhages on buccal mucosa, profound shock, hypotension, pulmonary insufficiency.Causes meningitis, 10x risk with HIV/AIDS patients.
GLASS TEST Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria meningitidis
Spread through sexual contact or via perinatal transmission. treat for co-infxn. AKA "the clap" or "the drip". 2nd most common notifiable dz. in US.
S/sx: Female: lower abd. pain (PID shuffle), mucopurulent d/c, dysuria, CMT, adnexal tenderness, intermenstrual bleeding, dyspareunia Male: dysuria, profuse purulent d/c, epididymitis. Untreated can cause infertility.
Disseminated infection (triad):
Dermatitis (hemorrhagic pustules)
Tenosynovitis
Migratory polyarthritis
N. gonorrhoea
Colonizes the upper resp. tract in 28-100% of humans in the 1st yr. of life.
Infxns include: acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, AOM, mastoiditis, bacteremia & sepsis, meningitis, endocarditis, pleural effusion. Causes symptoms of common cold, otitis media (20%), sinusitis, COPD exacerbation (30%), nosocomial infxn (PICUs)
Moraxella catarrhalis
Most frequent cause of many infxns: traveler's diarrhea, UTI, neonatal meningitis, cholecystitis/cholangitis, pneumonia, bacteremia.
GI: watery non-bloody diarrhea
GU: low-grade fever, dysuria
pneumonia: fever, SOB, tachypnea, incr. resp. secretions
neonatal bacterial meningitis: fever, failure to thrive, jaundice, periods of apnea, listlessness
intra-abdominal infxn: pain, fever, jaundice
e. coli
In-hospital pts, alcoholics and debilitated persons are at risk. Prowls in hospitals, causing pneumonia, UTIs from indwelling catheters, sepsis (2nd most common after E. coli) Pneumonia is characterized by bloody sputum (red currant jelly) in 50% of the cases, violent and frequently destroying lung tissue, producing cavities.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Common cause of UTIs in long-term care facilities and hospitals. RF for UTIs : instrumentation, sexually active men/women, UTI w/ calculi, unprotected anal intercourse, uncircumcised penis. produce urease; precipitation causes struvite stone formation. Frequent renal calculi...
Dysuria, frequency, urgency
Proteus mirabilis
Responsible for food poisoning, spread by fecal-oral transmission, a major public health concern in developing countries where sanitation is poor. Populations at increased risk are children in daycare, incarcerated persons, international travelers, homosexual men, persons with HIV, and those living in crowded, unsanitary conditions.
S/sx: Bloody, occasionally mucus diarrhea, cramping, fever, tenesmus. Complication: reactive arthritis*
Shigella
Most commonly acquired from chicken, uncooked eggs, raw milk, and pet turtles. 8-48 hrs. after ingestion. Fever, chills N/V/D, abd. cramping. Diarrhea can be grossly bloody. Complication: reactive arthritis*
salmonella
Transmitted oral-fecal route. After 24-48 hrs of exposure, sudden onset of painless, profuse, watery diarrhea (hallmark of dz). Severe dz stool volume > 250 mL/kg in a 24 hr. period, described as "rice water". Vomiting not always present. Dehydration.
Vibrio cholera
Among the most common bacterial infxn in humans, causing both diarrheal and systemic infxns. Most common cause of community acquired inflammatory enteritis. Fecal-oral, unprotected anal intercourse, raw milk and poultry ingestion (50-70%), waterborne, exposure to sick pets (esp. puppies). Prodrome of fever, HA, followed by abd. cramps and a bloody, loose diarrhea. Complication: Guillain-Barre syndrome, reactive arthritis*
Campylobacter jejuni
Ubiquitous organism found in 50% of the global population. Most common cause of duodenal ulcers, 2nd most common cause of stomach ulcers. Strongest RF for gastric CA S/sx: N/V/D, abd. pain, heartburn, hunger in the morning, halitosisH. pyloriMost common types of dz caused by H. influenze type b (Hib) include pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, epiglottitis, cellulitis, otitis media, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB). Vaccine intro. in 1990 has lead to decr. in invasive Hib incidence by 99%. S/sx: Meningitis most serious manifestation. Begins with URI sx, progessing to altered mental status, fever, (HA and photophobia in older children)H. InfluenzaeVery common, occurs in 1/3 of all adult women in US. RF include recent sex, abx use, decr. estrogen production, IUD, douching. S/sx: Vaginal odor (fishy) often recog. after intercourse. Mod., thin, greyish vag d/c CLUE CELLSGardnerella vaginalisCommonly seen following a dog/cat bite. S/sx: erythematous, warmth, pain, purulent d/c, joint swelling, decr. ROM, cellulitis. Can cause meningeal irritation, endocarditis.Pasteurella multocidaCauses cat scratch dz. S/sx: primary inoculation lesion often develops at site of scratch. Pustule develops 5-10 days after exp. Severe chills, profuse sweating, cycling for 2-6 wks. Severe: encephalopathy.Bartonella henselaeMost commonly reported STD. Causes genitourinary infxn, conjunctivitis, pneumonia. Complications: reactive arthritis, infertility, if untreated. S/sx: Most men and women are asymptomatic, thus delaying dx. May have hx of STDs, dysuria, yellow mucopurulent d/c, proctitis. Reactive arthritis (formerly Reiter's syndrome) Urethritis Conjunctivitis ArthritisChlamydia trachomatisImportant cause of infxn, esp. in immunocompromised pts. Most common pathogen isolated from pts. who have been hospitalized > 1 wk. Increased drug-resistance! Also causes malignant OE and puncture wounds thru RUBBER shoes. S/sx: site dependent Hospital-acquired 5 W's: Water = urinary tract infections Wind = atelectasis or pneumonia Walk = deep vein thrombosis Wound = surgical wound or IV cannulation infxn Weird drugs = drug-induced side effectPseudomonas aeruginosa