Roles Exam 1 "A Brief Look at Nurse Anesthesia History"

Catherine S. Lawrence and other nurses provided anesthesia for surgeons operating on the wounded during the Civil War
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Catherine S. Lawrence and other nurses provided anesthesia for surgeons operating on the wounded during the Civil War
1861-1865
Sister Mary Bernard, a Catholic nursing sister at St. Vincent's Hospital in Erie, Pennsylvania, was the first nurse known to have specialized in anesthesia
1877
Alice Magaw begins as nurse anesthetist for Dr. Mayo, who would later bestow upon Magaw the title "Mother of Anesthesia" for her mastery of open drop ether
1893
Magaw published the first paper by a nurse anesthetist in the Northwestern Lancet
1899
Magaw's successor, Florence Henderson, continued in her mentor's pioneering footsteps with a paper she published. Agatha Hodgins, who later would found the National Association of Nurse Anesthetists (NANA), provided a commentary on Henderson's paper.
1909
Sophie Winton, Agatha Hodgins and many other nurse anesthetists in volunteer American medical units provided anesthesia for casualties during World War I
1914-1917
In Frank v South, the Kentucky Court of Appeals ruled that nurse anesthetist Margaret Hatfield was not engaged in the practice of medicine when she administered anesthesia for surgeon Louis Frank's cases (No slide)
1917
Agatha Hodgins, together with 47 nurse anesthetists, founded the National Association for Nurse Anesthetists (NANA)
1931
In Chalmers-Francis v Nelson, the California Supreme Court affirmed the Superior Court finding for nurse anesthetists Dagmar Nelson in a ruling that confirmed the legality of nurse anesthesia practice
1933-1936
NANA became the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA)
1939
Second Lieutenant Mildred Clark, who would later become the first nurse anesthetist to serve as Chief of the Army Nurse Corps, and many other nurse anesthetists provide anesthesia for the wounded in World War II1941-1945AANA administered its first qualifying (certification) examination1945AANA hires Florence McQuillen, a highly respected CRNA from the Mayo Clinic, to manage the association. McQuillen served as Executive Director until 1970.1945AANA implemented its program for accrediting nurse anesthesia schools. Helen Lamb had been a proponent of the accreditation idea since the 1930s.1952Virginia Thatcher's History of Anesthesia with Emphasis on the Nurse Specialist is published. Through the efforts of the AANA History & Archives Society, the AANA Archives recently made this first history of nurse anesthesia available on the AANA website1953AANA members adopt the credential Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)1956AANA members approved a voluntary continuing education for CRNAs1969Board of Directors adopts Standards for Nurse Anesthesia Practice1974The Council of Certification of Nurse Anesthetists (CCNA), the Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs, and the Council for Public Interest in Anesthesia were formed. Ira P. Gunn was the architect of the Council structure1975AANA members approved mandatory continuing education for CRNAs1977The Council on Recertification of Nurse Anesthetists was established1978Congress passed legislation providing CRNAs direct reimbursement under Medicare Part B1986Board of Directors endorsed Harvard Patient Monitoring Standards1986Direct reimbursement for CRNAs under Medicare Part B was implemented1989Guidelines for Obstetrical Epidural Anesthesia Services were implemented1989Marianne Bankert's Watchful Care: A History of America's Nurse Anesthetists is published. Bankert is presenting the first copy to Sandra Maree, now Sandra Ouellette, who served as AANA's president during this eventful year1989CCNA administered the certification examination for the first time using computerized adaptive testing1996Guidelines for Office-Based Anesthesia for CRNAs were implemented1997The U.S. Department of Health & Human Services' Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) published a proposed rule to defer to the states on physician supervision of CRNAs for Medicare cases1998AANA's Standards for Office Based Practice for CRNAs were adopted1999HCFA announced it would finalize the rule to defer to the states on physician supervision of CRNAs for Medicare cases2000HCFA published the final rule to defer to the states on physician supervision of CRNAs for Medicare cases on the last working day of the Clinton administration2001After two implementation delays, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS, formerly, HCFA) of the Bush administration published a proposed rule significantly different from the spirit of the Clinton physician supervision of CRNAs for Medicare cases rule2001John Garde, who served as AANA's Executive Director for more than 17 years, retired. He and Jeff Beutler completed the near-seamless transfer of power during the fall and early winter2001