Database Midterm Part 1

Four types of NoSQL databases
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Terms in this set (18)
Four types of NoSQL databases
- Key-Value Pair Systems
- Column-Oriented Table Systems
- Document-Oriented Systems
- Graph-Oriented Systems
It represents some aspects of the real world which forms its what?
--OR--
The mini-world that is represented in a database is also called the ___
Universe of Discourse (UOD)
Which of the following storage technologies first offered direct access to store records?

a.) Paper tape
b.) Magnetic tape
c.) Magnetic disk
d.) Punch cards
c.) Magnetic disk
Major Relational database systems. And the new one that strayed from this format.
-Oracle
-Ingres
-Informix
-SQL_DB
-Then later on NoSQL Database was introduced as a non relational database system
Difference between NoSQL databases and Relational databases
-NoSQL databases primary objective is the management of very large volumes of data and to do it quickly

-Relational databases
What are the Key features of a NoSQL system
- Store and process petabytes and terabytes of data in real time. So it handles and processes way more data than Relational systems can.
- Horizontal scaling with replication and distribution over inexpensive servers.
- Flexible schema: NoSQL systems are capable of handling structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data.
- Weaker concurrency model: NoSQL systems do not conform to the ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) properties of relational systems, sacrificing the consistency of data in favor of availability and scalability (partition tolerance).
- Simple call-level interface
- Parallel processing: Leverage the Hadoop technology to support efficient parallel processing capabilities
NoSQL databases are mainly used for handling large volumes of ______ data.
Unstructured!!!
What are the 5 V's of Big data?
- Volume: Sheer amount of data being generated in zettabytes.
- Variety: Structured and unstructured data are generated in various data types
- Velocity: the speed in which the data is being generated and moves around or stored.
- Veracity: detecting and correcting noise. So correctness and data validity
Four major components of a database system
- Data: Integrated, shared for multi-user systems
- Hardware: Database machines
- Software: a layer of software between user and physical database DBMS (database management system)
- Users: Application Programmers, Database Administrators (DBAs), End-user interacting from on-line terminal using SQL.
Reasons Databases are needed
Large info that cannot be memorized
- Sharing data
- Security control for authentication and authorization
- Recoverability to deal with hardware/software crashes
- Integrity to maintain the meaning of data over updates
- Applications development is independent from data
- Platform and hardware storage are independent from data
What is manual record-keeping. Cons of it?Literal physical paper in filing cabinets. - Slow access - it is expensive - Cannot access remotely - Usually one copy and if that is lost you have no backupsFile system database Pros/Cons- Does not provide data independence - It is not a robust environment - Could be very efficient for a specific application - In general, it is not efficient for a group of applicationsAll of the following are potential advantages of using a database EXCEPT: a.) control of redundancy b.) improved data integrity c.) lower cost d.) better data consistencyc.) lower cost It makes everything vastly more efficient and effective but it does cost more technicallyFile system database drawbacks- Redundancy - inconsistency - Lack of independence from application programs - Programs for standard manipulations of each file are neededAdvantages of Database approach over File system- Data independence, insulates application programs from data representation and storage details - Controlling redundancy in data storage and in development and maintenance - Sharing of data among multiple users - Restricting unauthorized access to data - Providing persistent storage for program objects - Providing Storage Structures for efficient Query ProcessingA database is best used to support which type of data? Choose all that apply. a) Static current data b) Dynamic current data c) Static historical data d) Dynamic historical dataa) Static current data b) Dynamic current data A database can support current data, both static in nature, such as customer name and address, and dynamic in nature, such as inventory on hand values that may change from minute to minute. A database, that is referred to as a data warehouse, is a good example of static historical data. Dynamic historical data cannot exist; dynamic and historical would be, by definition, mutually exclusive events.A copy of the database made to be used in case of failure is called aBackupFaster development of new applications is often possible in a database environment because a) No file creation phase is needed b) New applications are independent of old ones c) No program planning is required d) The database administrator does all programminga) No file creation phase is needed