Physiological Psych (Ch.3-4)

Ch.3
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Terms in this set (13)
Ch.3
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What are the two parts of the central nervous system?
central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
What is a fissure? What are gyri and sulcus? What are the four lobes of the brain?
-fissure: a large groove space between two gyri
-gyri: ridges of the brain
-sulcus: groove or space between two gyri
-Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe
Where is the Broca's area, what does it do?
-frontal lobe, superior to the lateral fissure; controls speech and adds grammar
Where is the Wernicke's area, what does it do?
-temporal lobe, inferior to the lateral fissure; language area involved with meaning
Where are the Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Hippocampus, Pons, Medulla and Cerebellum?
-Thalamus: lies just below the lateral ventricles, where it receives info from all the sensory systems except olfactory (smell) and relays it to the respective cortical projection areas
-Hypothalamus: a smaller structure just inferior to the thalamus, plays a major role in controlling emotions and motivated behaviors such as eating, drinking, and sexual activity
-Pons: contains centers related to sleep and arousal, which are part of the reticular formation
-Medulla: forms the lower part of the hindbrain; its nuclei are involved with control of essential life processes, such as cardiovascular activity and respiration (breathing)
-Cerebellum: refining movements initiated by the motor cortex by controlling their speed, intensity, and direction
What is the purpose of the ventricles?
-contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which carries material from the blood vessels to the CNS and transports waste materials in the other direction
What is a reflex circuit? What is the difference between afferent and efferent nerves?
-reflex circuit: a pathway that produces a simple, automatic movement in response to a sensory stimulus
-afferent neurons relay sensory info
-efferent neurons relay motor info
What are the parts of the four parts of the Peripheral Nervous system and what do they do?
-Somatic: includes the motor neurons that control the skeletal muscles (muscles that move the body) and the sensory neurons that bring info into the CNS from the body and the outside world
-Automatic: controls the smooth muscles (stomach, blood vessels, etc.), the glands, and the heart and other organs
-Sympathetic: activates the body in ways that help it cope with demands such as emotional stress and physical emergencies
-Parasympathetic: slows the activity of most organs to conserve energy and also activates digestion to renew energy
Stages of development: Proliferation, Migration, Circuit formation, and Circuit pruning.
-Proliferation: the cells that will become neurons divide and multiply at the rate of 250,000 new cells every minute
-Migration: newly formed neurons move from the ventricular zone outward to their final location with the aid of radial glial cells
-Circuit formation: the axons of developing neurons grew toward their target cells and form functional connections
-Circuit pruning: involves the elimination of excess neurons and synapses
Ch. 4Gene Therapy and Stem Cell Therapy-Gene therapy: the treatment of disorders by manipulating genes - Stem Cell therapy: using stem cells to stimulate new cell generationThe difference between Experimental studies and Correlation studies-Experimental studies: study in which the researcher manipulates a condition (the independent variable) that is expected to produce a change in the subject's behavior (the dependent variable) -Correlation studies: the researcher does not control an independent variable but observes whether two variables are related to each other