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World history review

Terms in this set (27)

Why is it difficult for historians to know exact facts and dates about prehistory?
Because the artifacts can be damaged and it could make it harder to figure what exactly happened
Who studies prehistory based upon what earlier people left behind?
Archaeologists
What is the difference between an artifact and a fossil?
An artifact is something that humanity has left behind and a fossil is the remains that an organism that survived through the years
On which continent were the oldest human fossils discovered?
Africa
This hominid lived in Southern Africa 4.4 to 1.4 MYA. Is known for being the first bipedal, they had small brains, and is the first species to have opposable thumbs. Their name means "Southern ape."
Australopithecus
This hominid's name means "Handyman." They lived in Eastern and Southern Africa 2.4-1.4 MYA. They still had ape-like features, but they did have larger brains. Is the first species to make and use Oldowan stone tools which are very simple tools like a sharpened rock.
Homo Habilis
This hominids name means "Standing man." Lived in Northern, Eastern, Southern Africa and Western Asia 2 MYA to 110,000 years ago. They used acheulean stone tools which means more sharper cutting tools like axes and cleavers. Had bigger brains and used the first ever intelligible language.
Homo Erectus
Lived in Europe and Central Asia 400,000-40,000 years ago. Closest extinct human relative. Large brow, shorter and stockier bodies, and large nose, this helped them survive colder climates. Had larger brains allowing them to use tools, make clothing, make shelters, and discovered fire. First recorded instance of burying dead with ornamental items, showing one of the most major changes, culture.
Neanderthals
This hominids name means "Wise man." Evolved in Africa roughly 300,000 years ago. Hunter-gatherers. Large brains in a larger skull, but smaller teeth and were taller. Language and cultures develop further.
Homo Sapiens
Who is "Lucy" and why is she important?
She is an Australopithecus from 3.2 million years ago. She showed us what an Australopithecus looked like
Which types of tools did early humans create during prehistory?
Stone tools
What are the two eras, or time periods, of the Stone Ages? List them in chronological order?
Paleolithic, neolithic
Why did early humans migrate?
Looked for resources, followed the herds of animals, looked for warmer climates, Ice Age
How long did it take for early humans to successfully migrate from Asia to North America?
50,000 years
Why did many early humans eventually stop living as hunter-gatherers?
Because they found out about how to domesticate plants and animals
What historical event marked the transition between the Paleolithic Era and the Neolithic Era? And what were its effects?
The founding of agriculture and animal domestication, people started being less nomadic and started large scale civilizations
What were some characteristics of the Paleolithic Era? (How did people live and survive?)
People were very nomadic and never stayed in one place, they were hunters and gatherers, which means they hunted for their food in the wild and never grew their own food.
What were some characteristics of the Neolithic Era? (How did people live and survive?)
People began farming and had a surplus of food because they farmed en mass, so more and more people began living in the same area and soon started multiple civilizations
What was the Bronze age? When and where did it start?
When civilizations started using bronze tools, is started in the sumer civilization in 3000 BCE
Where is Stonehenge located?
Salisbury Plain, England
Where is Catal Huyuk?
Modern day Turkey
Where is Jericho located?
Near ancient Palestine and the Dead Sea
Where is Aleppo located?
Modern day Syria
What age is Stonehenge?
3,000 bce (neolithic)
What age is Jericho?
9,000 bce (neolithic)
What age is Catalhoyuk
6500 bce (neolithic)
What age is Aleppo?
6000 bce neolithic
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