endocrine systemGlands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.
-pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes, ovariescardiovascular systemdelivers oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues
equalizes temperature in the body
-heart, blood vesselslymphatic systemreturns fluid to blood, defends against pathogens
-thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vesselsrespiratory systemremoves carbon dioxide from the body, delivers oxygen to blood
-nasal passage, trachea, lungsdigestive systemprocesses food for use by the body, removes wastes from undigested food
-stomach, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, small intestineurinary systemcontrols water balance in the body, removes wastes from blood and excretes them
-kidneys, urinary bladdermale reproductive systemproduces sex hormones and gametes, delivers gametes to female
-epididymis, testesfemale reproductive systemproduces sex hormones and gametes, supports embryo/fetus until birth, produces milk for infant
-mammary glands, ovaries, uterusanatomical positionTo stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forwardanteriorfrontpronelying face downsupinelying face upventraldirection toward the front of the bodyPosterior (dorsal)back of bodySuperior (cranial)describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper. The orbits are superior to the oris.Inferior (caudal)A position below or lower than another part of the body proper.lateralAway from the midline of the bodymedialtoward the midlineproximalCloser to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunkdistalfarther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunksuperficialnear the surfacedeepa position farther from the surface of the bodybody planessaggital planeis a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left partsfrontal planeDivides the body into front and back portions.transverse planehorizontal division of the body into upper and lower portionsbody cavitiesdorsal (posterior) cavitycranial cavity (brain) and vertebral/spinal cavity (spinal cord)ventral (anterior) cavitycontains thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavityThoracic Cavitycavity housing lungs and heart (chest)abdominal quadrant regionsmucous membranesthe membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, or genitalsserous membraneline body cavities closed to the exterior of the body; the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavitiescutaneous membraneEpithelial tissue made up of stratified squamous epithelial cells that cover the outside of the body; skin.synovial membranesline joint cavities and produce the fluid within the jointepithelial membranescomposed of epithelial tissue and an underlying layer of connective tissuecoelomic cavitiescavities that do not open to the outside.parietal and visceral layerspleuraMembrane surrounding the lungspericardiumMembrane surrounding the heartPeriteneumsurrounds several organs in the abdominopelvic cavitycerebrospinal fluid (CSF)colorless fluid produced by the brain that cushions the brain and spinal cord within the posterior (dorsal) cavityhomeostasisthe state of steady internal conditions maintained by living thingsparietal layeroutermost layer of the pleura that connects to the thoracic wall, mediastinum, and diaphragmserous spacethe very thin, fluid-filled space between the parietal and visceral layersperitoneumSerous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs found there.tissue membranesThin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body, organs, and internal cavities.visceral layerInnermost layer of the pleura that is superficial to the lungs and extends into the lung fissures.connective tissueType of tissue that serves to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body's organs and systems.
