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Functional Groups

Terms in this set (10)

Functional groups
parts of organic molecules that are involved in chemical reactions and added to hydrocarbons to make them hydrophilic
Hydroxyl
-OH
Alcohols (ethanol, methanol)
Polar
Helps to dissolve sugars (hydrogen bonds)
Carbonyl
>C=O
Ketones (middle of molecule, acetone, -al)
Aldehydes (end of molecule, propanal, -one)
Carboxyl
O=C-OH
Carboxylic acids (acetic acid)
Makes a hydrocarbon an acid because covalent bonds are so polar
Amino
-NH2
Amines (glycine)
Makes a hydrocarbon a base and can pick up a H+ to ionize solution
Sulfhydryl
-SH
Thiols (cysteine)
Stabilizes the structure of proteins
Can only go on end of a molecule
Phosphate
-PO4
Organic phosphates (glycerol phosphate)
Negative charges of phosphate repel each other
Transfers energy between organic molecules
Methyl
-CH3
Methylated compounds (5-methyl cytidine)
Affects the expression of genes
Stable/non-polar
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
3 central phosphate atoms
Energy currency of the body (whenever your body needs energy, it will get it from ATP)
ATP Hydrolysis
ATP reacts with water and takes off a phosphate atom to produce ADP and energy
Water (reactant) separates the phosphate group
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