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Heart Disease

Terms in this set (16)

Heart Failure
Pathophysiological state in which there is an impairment of the cardiac function of the heart to pump blood at a rate commensurate with the requirements of the metabolizing tissues. Complex clinical syndrome that results from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricle to fill or eject blood.
congestive heart failure
chronic, overt, untreated, compensated features of circulatory congestion
Cardiac Dysfunction
is a structural dysfunction caused by systolic (abnormal contractility) or diastolic (abnormal relaxation) which may be accompanied by compensatory ventricular hypertrophy
cardiomyopathy
any condition with structural abnormalities of the myocardium
systolic heart failure
impaired contractility, large dilated heart and impaired performance (breathlessness, fatigue, exercise intolerance)
diastolic heart failure
heart failure iwth normal ejection fractions, heart is small in size (mitral regurg)
right heart failure
characterized by tissue congestion, venous distention, edema, ascites, RV impairment, RV dilation
left heart failure
fluid congestion in lung (pulmonary edema) not systemic ciriculation
acute heart failure
serious medical condition with acute pulmonary edema
preload
the ventricular wall tension at the end of diastole, it is the stretch on the ventricular fibers just before contraction, often approximated by the end diastolic volume or end diastolic pressure
afterload
the ventricular wall tension during contration, the resistance that must be overcome for the ventricle to eject its content, often approximated by the systemic ventricualr (or arterial) pressure
contractility
property of heart muscle that accounts for changes in the strength of contraction, independent of the preload and afterload. Reflect chemical or hormonal influence (catecholamines) on the force of contraction
stroke volume
volume of blood ejected from ventricle during systole SV= EDV-ESV
ejection fraction
the fraction of end diastolic volume ejected from the ventricle during each systolic contraction EF= SV/EDV
cardiac ouput
volume of blood ejected from ventricle per minute CO= HR X SV
compliance
intrinsic property of a chamber that describes its pressure-volume relationship during filling. Reflects the ease or difficulty with which the chambers can be filled. Compliance= change in volume/change in pressure
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