GOODS THAT INDIVIDUALS WITHIN A GROUP CAN BE EXCLUDED FROM ENJOYING (PAYMENT/TAX DEMANDED)PRIVATE GOODSWHAT IS FREE RIDINGFREE RIDING IS CONSIDERED A FAILURE OF THE CONVENTIONAL FREE MARKET SYSTEM. THE PROBLEM OCCURS WHEN SOME MEMBERS OF A COMMUNITY FAIL TO CONTRIBUTE THEIR FAIR SHARE TO THE COSTS OF A SHARED RESOURCE. THEIR FAILURE TO CONTRIBUTE MAKES THE RESOURCE ECONOMICALLY INFEASIBLE TO PRODUCEWHAT ARE COLLECTIVE ACTION PROBLEMSPEACEFUL PROTESTS, AWARENESS-RAISING, AND GRASS-ROOTS CAMPAIGNS ARE ALL FORMS OF POLITICAL ACTION. MINORITIES AND MEMBERS OF OPPRESSED COMMUNITIES ENGAGE IN THESE ACTS TO GET THEIR MESSAGES OUT AND CALL ATTENTION TO THEIR STRUGGLES. THESE ACTS ARE WHAT IS CALLED COLLECTIVE ACTIONWHAT ARE SOME PUBLIC GOODSPARKS GOV BUILDINGS SCHOOLS ETCA PRINCIPLE OF GOVERNMENT THAT HOLDS GOVERNMENT MUST BE EMPOWERED TO SERVE ITS LEGITIMATE PURPOSES, INCLUDING THE PROTECTION OF RIGHTS, BUT IT MUST ALSO BE LIMITED AND CONTROLLED IN ITS POWERS SO THAT IT DOES NOT POSE AN UNACCEPTABLE RISK TO RIGHTS.LIMIITED GOVERNMENTWHICH NATURAL RIGHTS ARE LISTED IN THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE?LIFE, LIBERTY, AND THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESSFORM OF GOVERNMENT THAT IS BY THE PEOPLE IN THE SENSE THAT THE PEOPLE, UNDERSTOOD AS ALL ADULT CITIZENS, ARE ENABLED TO EXERCISE ONGOING SIGNIFICANT CONTROL OVER THE GOVERNMENT BY EXERCISING LEGAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS DESIGNED TO GIVE THEM THAT CONTROL.DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENTS THAT ARE EFFECTIVELY BOUND BY FUNDAMENTAL LAWS.CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENTWHAT DOES IT MEAN TO SAY THAT IN A CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT "ORDINARY LAWS CAN BE UNLAWFUL"?
Skip/SeeIF A LAW PASSED BY CONGRESS VIOLATES THE CONSTITUTION IN ANY WAY, IT IS CONSIDERED UNLAWFUL.USING POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE INCENTIVES (USUALLY HAVING TO DO WITH MONEY)POWER OF THE PURSEACCORDING TO THE TEXTBOOK, A GOVERNMENT CAN BE A "CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT" EVEN IF IT DOESN'T HAVE A SINGLE WRITTEN CONSTITUTIONAL DOCUMENT LIKE THE U.S. CONSTITUTION. FURTHERMORE, DUE TO THE EXISTENCE OF "SHAM CONSTITUTIONS," A GOVERNMENT CAN HAVE A SINGLE WRITTEN CONSTITUTIONAL DOCUMENT AND STILPUT ANOTHER WAY, GOVERNMENTS WITH "SHAM CONSTITUTIONS" ARE GOVERNMENTS THAT CLAIM TO BE BOUND BY FUNDAMENTAL LAWS, BUT, IN REALITY, ARE NOT EFFECTIVELY BOUND BY THOSE "LAWS.")ADVANTAGES DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENTS HAVE OVER NON-DEMOCRATIC ("AUTHORITARIAN") GOVERNMENTSMUCH MORE LIKELY TO PROTECT BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS -MORE LIKELY TO DO GOOD THINGS FOR PEOPLETHE FOUR FREEDOMS NECESSARY FOR DEMOCRACY-ADULTS FREE TO SEEK ELECTION TO GOVERNMENT OFFICE -ELECTIONS ARE FREE ELECTIONS -PEOPLE ARE FREE TO THINK, SPEAK, DEBATE , PETITION GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, JOIN ORGANIZED INTEREST GROUPS, JOIN POLITICAL PARTIES -PROCEDURAL PROTECTION TO PREVENT GOVERNMENT TO FALSELY ACCUSE INDIVIDUALS FOR CRIMESWHAT, ACCORDING TO THE TEXTBOOK, DID MADISON MEAN BY SAYING "A DEPENDENCE ON THE PEOPLE IS, NO DOUBT, THE PRIMARY CONTROL ON THE GOVERNMENT."THE KEY TO CONTROLLING A GOVERNMENT IS MAKE SURE IT HAS DEPENDENCE ON THE PEOPLE(FORM OF GOVERNMENT CALLED DEMOCRACY) AND MAKE USE OF AUXILIARY PRECAUTIONS(CHECKS AND BALANCES)BASED ON MARKET EXCHANGES AND THE PRIVATE OWNERSHIP OF THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION AND IN WHICH PRIVATE OWNERS OF THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION PURCHASE LABOR HOURS FROM WORKERS IN THE EXCHANGE FOR WAGESMARKET CAPITALISMCOMMUNISM, THAT SEEKS THE OVERTHROW OF MARKET CAPITALISM AND REPLACE IT WITH AN EQUAL SOCIETY FREE OF ALL CLASS OPPRESSIONSTATE SOCIALISMENFORCING AND OR FULFILLING THE DOCTRINES OF A PARTICULAR RELIGIONTHEOCRACYSOCIAL OR ECONOMIC SERVICES OR BENEFITS SUCH AS HOUSING,HEALTH CARE, SAFE WORKING CONDITIONS AND PAID VACATION TIME THAT GOVERNMENTS AND/OR PRIVATE EMPLOYERS HAVE A DUTY TO PROVIDE OR GUARANTEE. PROVIDED IN THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS.SOCIOECONOMIC RIGHTS
