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psy 320 test 1

Terms in this set (91)

what is functionalism
attempt to understand a mental process by determining what problems in the environment the process helps solve
what is the functionalist of things that don't make us feel good (hunger, fear jealousy)
certain processes aids "if someone never got bored, they wouldn't be pushed to do things in life"
functionalists adopted viewpoint from who
evolutionary bio
psychoanalysis is from
sigmund freud
according to freud, the conscious and unconscious mind must be
thorough
what are the ways to figure out what went on in subconscious mind
dream analysis, hypnosis, projective testing
what is dream analysis
offer important opening into unconscious world
what percentage of dreams are not remembered
95%
what is projective testing
shows a person something ambiguous, tells them to interpret
what is thematic apperception test
hold up pic, ask what they see and make a story to describe it
what is a direct reaction to structuralism
psychoanalysis
according to psychoanalysis, many behaviors are the result of what
unconscious motivations
what has the largest impact on experiences in life
childhood
who was first ti make staged theory of development
freud
freud believed that childhood is most important because
that's where development occurs mostly
what is the oral stage of psychoanalysis
earliest, can get stuck in this stage
how does one get stuck in oral stage
maternal neglect
side effects of getting stuck in oral stage
biting nails
how does one get stuck in anal stage
shaming in terms of struggling w potty training
side effects of getting stuck in anal stage
festers into OCD or excessive neatness
in behaviorism what is studied
only observable behaviors
behaviorism is the only thing not formed from
structuralism
why was behaviorism founded
wanted to shift to observable facts
what is the main issue of behaviorism
lots of unanswered questions
what is the immediate predecessor to modern psych
behaviorism
what are the fields of psych inquiry
cognitive, developmental, evolutionary
developmental psych focuses on
cognitive changes over period of time
Piaget's conservation task is under the realm of
developmental psych
cognitive psych has to do with
investigating mental processes
social psych explores
how people are affected by their social environment
cognitive psych focuses on
reasoning, problem solving, memory, and language
social psych focuses on topics such as
conformity, obedience, and persuasion
social cognition is how
social environment affects cognitive memory
social cognition focuses on
individualized experiences
health psych focuses on role of
psychological factors in the development, prevention, and treatment of illnesses
evolutionary psych examines how
certain psychological traits may have evolved over time
incest taboo- why is it always rejected
lack of genetic diversity leads to birth defevts
issues with functionalism and evolutionary psych
no way to prove which idea is most plausible (no correct answer)
why do girls/ boys prefer pink/blue at young age?
biological, women were gatherers of fruits/berries so can better distinguish ripe fruits
why do men/women prefer different ages
fertility-related preferences
what is habituation
stop responding to event that has become familiar
what is childhood amnesia/ is it true
cannot remember before "first memory"; infants have functioning long-term memory
sensitization
when one becomes hyper sensitized to something; respond more to an intense event that is repeated
example of sensitization
allergens; first person shooter syndrome
what is classical conditioning
forming association between stimulus and response
Pavlov's experiment
tuning fork-> food -> salivation
unconditioned stimulus in pavlov's experiment
food
unconditioned response in pavlovs experiment
salivation
what happened to little albert
2 metal crowbars to make child scared of rats; worked
second order conditioning
scared of anything to do with what you are afraid of
what is extinction
gradual weakening and disappearance of conditioned behavior
what breaks classical conditioning
extinction
what is spontaneous recovery
reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response without exposure to unconditioned stimulus
what is one-trial conditioning
one pairing of conditioned stimulus and unconditioned produces considerable learning
classically conditioned taste aversion
conditioned dislike for a particular food or drink
is classically conditioned taste aversion intellectually controlled
no
what is instrumental conditiongin
changing the probability that a response will occur by manipulating the consequences of the response
what is the process of instrumental conditioning
most interested in manipulated consequences
what is an example of instrumental conditioning
house training a dog
what is key to instrumental conditioning
naturally occurring behavior
pigeon experiment- what did they use to get pigeons to discriminate between red/green
shaping
what is shaping
selectively reinforcing successively closer approx. of a target behavior
professor and wall experiment
took 3 classes to shape him to lean
what is systematic desensitization
elimination phobias
what are the goals of systematic desensitization
take person, present phobia, have no panic attack
what are the 3 steps of systematic desensitization
1. client goes through relaxation training
2. specific events that cause anxiety are ordered in terms of the amount of anxiety that cause
3. client is repeatedly exposed to anxiety-evoking events in order of increasing anxiety
what is flooding
having person experience worst fear all at once
what are case studies
highly detailed descriptions of a single individual experience
what happened to the child with rasmussen's
she had a hemispherectomy at 3 yrs old; only side effect was trembling in hands/feet
H.M. suffered from what medical issue
dozens of seizures
what was performed to cure H.M.'s lesions
bilateral medial temporal lobe removal
the removal to HM's lesions led to what
amnesic syndrome: severe deficit in forming new memories
HM could ___ on tasks but could ____ tasks
improve; never recognize
what is the mirror drawing task
draw mirror image of what you see; HM improved
what is the rey-osterrieth figure
concussion test; give person complex image and tell them to draw it; in 5 minutes, give them new paper and tell them to draw image from mempry
what is the main issue with case studies
external validity, survey research
external validity deals with the experiences
of the research subject truly representative of others
survey research has a goal to
collect limited research from large groups
what are 3 problems of survey research
lying, returns, and electronic surveys
psych was formed through synthesis of ideas from
physiology and philosophy
most psychs believe there is no separation between
mind and body
the mind is the result of
chemical activity
structuralism is the
school of though
in observational learning, you learn
what to do and what not to do based on awards or consequences of other's actions
reinforcement is/is not necessary for learning
NOT
gossip is a form of
observational learning
what are the two ways of knowing
reasonableness and authority
what are the ways of gathering data
naturalistic observation, participant observation
naturalistic observation is the process of
unobtrusively observing subjects in natural environment
participant observation is the process of
observing behavior while participating in situation
reactivity is
how much an individual's behavior is changed as a result of being observed
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