MGMT exam 2- chapters 4-6

In the context of the postconventional level of moral development, which of the following statements is true of individuals in the universal principle stage?

a. They worry less about punishment and more about doing things that directly advance their wants.
b. They look for external guidance and do whatever the law permits.
c. They believe that society is better off when the rights of others are not violated.
d. They stick to their principles even if their decision conflicts with the law.
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In the context of the postconventional level of moral development, which of the following statements is true of individuals in the universal principle stage?

a. They worry less about punishment and more about doing things that directly advance their wants.
b. They look for external guidance and do whatever the law permits.
c. They believe that society is better off when the rights of others are not violated.
d. They stick to their principles even if their decision conflicts with the law.
They stick to their principles even if their decision conflicts with the law.
In the context of adaptive strategies, which of the following is true of defenders?

a. They aggressively hold their current strategic position by doing the best job they can to hold on to customers in a particular market segment.
b. They try to simultaneously minimize risk and maximize profits by following or imitating the proven successes of prospectors.
c. They do not follow a consistent strategy and tend to react to changes in their external environment after they occur.
d. They seek fast growth by searching for new market opportunities, encouraging risk taking, and being the first to bring innovative new products to market.
They aggressively hold their current strategic position by doing the best job they can to hold on to customers in a particular market segment.
The senior managers of Clockence, a clock manufacturing company, disagree about the quantity of inventory to be allotted to each production team. Each of them views the problem differently, but they are willing to discuss it and arrive at the best possible solution. In this scenario, the conflict among the senior managers at Clockence best exemplifies _____.
a. a-type conflict
b. channel conflict
c. c-type conflict
d. affective conflict
c-type conflict
Which of the following is one of the five industry forces identified by Harvard professor Michael Porter?
a. Threat of planned obsolescence
b. Threat of new entrants
c. Threat of strategic dissonance
d. Threat of competitive inertia
Threat of new entrants
Which of the following is an objective of ethics training programs for employees?
a. To achieve credibility with employees
b. To enforce flexible ethical standards
c. To discourage employees from reporting violations
d. To delegate decision-making authority to all employees
To achieve credibility with employees
Jem Dons has three strategic business units (SBUs)— smartphones, healthcare, and accounting. Its smartphone unit is its most profitable unit and is the current market leader in the rapidly growing industry. In the context of the BCG matrix, which of the following categories of SBUs best describes the smartphones unit?
a. Stars
b. Question marks
c. Dogs
d. Cash cows
Stars
According to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, people make decisions that conform to societal expectations at which level of moral development?
a. Unconventional level
b. Conventional level
c. Postconventional level
d. Preconventional level
Conventional level
Which of the following is defined as a written test that estimates job applicants' honesty by directly asking them what they think or feel about theft or about punishment of unethical behaviors?
a. Overt integrity test
b. Covert integrity test
c. Effort-based integrity test
d. Personality-based integrity test
Overt integrity test
Princret Inc., a multinational clothing company, provides scholarships to school children who cannot afford higher education. This scenario illustrates that the company is fulfilling its _____.
a. economic responsibility
b. discretionary responsibility
c. ethical responsibility
d. legal responsibility
Discretionary Responsibility
Spade and Marcher Corp. manufactures and sells toy guns. These toy guns are a perfect imitation of real weapons. Inspired by Spade and Marcher's success, Hudy & Sons, an arms manufacturer in Korowlla, also starts to manufacture toy guns. Which of the following adaptive strategies is used by Hudy & Sons?
a. Defender
b. Analyzer
c. Prospector
d. Reactor
Analyzer
Which of the following holds that an individual should never do anything that is not honest, open, and truthful and that they would not be glad to see reported in the newspapers or on television? a. Principle of personal virtue b. Principle of distributive justice c. Principle of government requirements d. Principle of utilitarian benefitsPrinciple of personal virtueMasceo, an oil and gas company, suffered major losses due to damaged oil pipelines. To cover its costs, it laid off several employees and closed three of its refineries. Which of the following grand strategies has Masceo used in this scenario? a. Retrenchment strategy b. Acquisition strategy c. Growth strategy d. Stability strategyRetrenchment strategyAccording to the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines Manual for Organizations, which of the following steps should be followed immediately after the standards and procedures for an effective compliance program have been established? a. Upper-level managers should be given charge of the program. b. Middle managers should take steps to improve the program after violations. c. First-line managers should be trained on standards and procedures. d. Ethical employees should be given decision-making authority.Upper-level managers should be given charge of the programWeston Inc. wants to outsource its customer service operations. The top managers of the company are preparing a plan exclusively to detail the expenditure, overhead, and processes involved in outsourcing its customer service operations. In this scenario, the managers are most likely preparing a _____. a. strategic plan b. standing plan c. tactical plan d. single-use planSingle-use planWhich of the following is a measure of the intensity of competitive behavior among companies in an industry? a. Bargaining power of firms b. Character of the rivalry c. Threat of new entrants d. Threat of substitute productsCharacter of the rivalryBrenden Corp. has five strategic business units (SBUs)—telecommunication, trucking, electronics, energy, and oil exploration. The telecommunication unit has slowed down in terms of growth and is now dominated mainly by a few large companies. Brenden Corp. has a low market share in the industry and does not generate enough revenue to even cover its costs. In the context of the BCG matrix, which of the following categories of SBUs best describes the telecommunication unit? a. Stars b. Dogs c. Question marks d. Cash cowsDogsWhen the new phone launched by ImogenCell received several negative reviews from its customers about the excessive heating of its phones' batteries, ImogenCell apologized for the inconvenience and offered new phone batteries to solve the heating issue. However, these batteries had to be bought by the customers at an exorbitant price. This is an example of a(n) _____. a. comprehensive strategy b. proactive strategy c. reactive strategy d. accommodative strategyReactive StrategyThe emotional reactions that can occur when disagreements become personal rather than professional are referred to as _____. a. channel conflict b. a-type conflict c. c-type conflict d. cognitive conflicta-type conflictManagers are more aware of the impact their decision will have on others when addressing an issue of high _____. a. ethical subjectivism b. ethical intensity c. ethical congruence d. ethical pluralismEthical IntensityThe U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines Manual for Organizations imposes smaller fines on companies that _____. a. are unaware of the unethical behavior of employees b. have no history of violation of ethical principles c. are not concerned with the ethical behavior of employees d. voluntarily disclose illegal activities to federal authoritiesvoluntarily disclose illegal activities to federal authoritiesIn the context of rational decision-making, which of the following is a difference between maximizing and satisficing? a. Maximizing is possible when limited resources are available, whereas satisficing is possible when ample resources are available. b. Maximizing involves being fast rather than thorough, whereas satisficing involves being thorough rather than fast. c. Maximizing is recommended when there are memory and expertise problems, whereas satisficing is recommended when there are no problems. d. Maximizing is choosing the best alternative, whereas satisficing is choosing a good-enough alternativeMaximizing is choosing the best alternative, whereas satisficing is choosing a good-enough alternativeIn the context of tracking progress toward goal achievement, which of the following is a difference between proximal goals and distal goals? a. Proximal goals can be procrastinated because they have low immediacy, whereas distal goals cannot be procrastinated because they have high immediacy. b. Proximal goals are referred to as primary goals, whereas distal goals are referred to as subgoals. c. Proximal goals are short-term goals, whereas distal goals are long-term goals. d. Proximal goals define the final objective to be achieved, whereas distal goals define the steps that should be taken to achieve the final objective.Proximal goals are short-term goals, whereas distal goals are long-term goalsJimmy works at an automobile manufacturing plant. His supervisors have received several complaints about him being careless with the plant's equipment and causing machine breakdowns. In the context of workplace deviance, Jimmy's actions are an example of _____. a. political deviance b. personal aggression c. production deviance d. property devianceProperty DevianceA competitive advantage becomes a sustainable competitive advantage when _____. a. other companies cannot duplicate the value a firm is providing to customers b. a company collaborates with its competitors to obtain a larger market share c. a company uses a competitive move designed to reduce a rival's market share or profits d. market commonality is large, and companies have overlapping products or servicesOther companies cannot duplicate the value a firm is providing to customersIn the context of portfolio strategy, the purchase of one company by another company is known as _____. a. acquisition b. restructuring c. demerger d. divestitureAcquisitionIn the context of workplace deviance, unlike personal aggression, political deviance _____. a. involves direct hostility toward others b. includes verbal abuse and personally threatening coworkers c. involves using one's influence to harm others d. includes the theft of company merchandiseInvolves using one's influence to harm othersIn the context of sustainable competitive advantage, unlike rare resources, imperfectly imitable resources _____. a. are impossible or extremely difficult to duplicate b. can be used by firms to improve their effectiveness and efficiency c. need not be nonsubstitutable resources to produce a competitive advantage d. are not controlled or possessed by many competing firmsAre impossible or extremely difficult to duplicateTinkTV, PopoNet, and Kreti Broadcast are merging to form a large television network called Tale Broadcast. This was done in an attempt to increase profitability by combining the customers and services owned by the three companies. Which of the following grand strategies does the given scenario best exemplify? a. Growth strategy b. Stability strategy c. Acquisition strategy d. Retrenchment strategyGrowth StrategySmartHand, a company that manufactures wrist watches, has started manufacturing and selling sunglasses in the American market. The products turn out to be a huge success. Inspired by SmartHand's success, Jeremy & Daniel, manufacturers of wrist watches in Europe, start selling sunglasses in the European market. In the context of adaptive strategies, Jeremy & Daniel would most likely be categorized as a(n) _____. a. analyzer b. defender c. reactor d. prospectorAnalyzerIn the context of brainstorming, the fear of what others will think of one's ideas is known as _____. a. production blocking b. evaluation apprehension c. dialectal inquiry d. cognitive conflictEvaluation ApprehensionIn the context of the BCG matrix, which of the following businesses would be classified as a question mark? a. RainTech, an electronics company that is struggling for market share in a fast-growing industry b. PrimeSmart, a smartphone manufacturer that is the market leader in a rapidly growing industry c. HappyTot, a children's toy company that has been earning steady profits in a slow-growing industry d.RigsWheels, a tire manufacturer that has negligible market share in a slow-growing industryRainTech, an electronics company that is struggling for market share in a fast-growing industryA laptop manufacturer has created a set of methods to deal with specific technical issues raised by customers. In this scenario, this set of methods represents a _____. a. tactical plan b. standing plan c. single-use plan d. visionary planStanding PlanJin is the operations manager of a car manufacturing company in the United States. He wants to set up production plants in three other countries by the end of the current year. After he has set this goal, which of the following is the next step he should ideally take in order to achieve this goal? a. Develop commitment to the goal b. Track progress toward goal achievement c. Determine the profits the production plants will make d. Reward hard working employees for their workDevelop commitment to the goalAnnette, a reporter at a daily newspaper, is given a low performance rating because she has not been meeting productivity requirements. She is personally affected by the low rating and gets into an argument with her manager. In this scenario, the disagreement between Annette and her supervisor can best be classified as _____. a. a-type conflict b. constructive conflict c. c-type conflict d. cognitive conflictA-type conflictJimmy is the sales manager of Packaday, a packaging and shipping company. He has created a plan that will increase Packaday's customer base by 2.5% in the next two months. In this scenario, Jimmy has set a _____. a. proximal goal b. recurrent goal c. passive goal d. visionary goalProximal goalClaire is a manager at an information technology (IT) firm. She notices a consistent drop in the productivity of her employees. She is not able to find the reason behind this drop. In the context of rational decision-making, which of the following steps should Claire take first? a. Defining the problem b. Generating alternative courses of action c. Computing the optimal decision d. Identifying decision criteriaDefining the problemIn the context of the BCG matrix, which of the following businesses would be classified as a dog? a. Ultimo Phone, a smartphone manufacturer that is the market leader in a rapidly growing industry b. Brain Cash, a finance company that is struggling for market share in a fast-growing industry c. Bigs Steel, a metal manufacturer that has negligible market share in a slow-growing industry d. Cleep Sweep, a detergent company that has been earning steady profits in a slow-growing industryBigs Steel, a metal manufacturer that has negligible market share in a slow-growing industryIn the context of the planning process, which of the following is most likely to be useful when conceived goals turn out not to be achievable? a. Tracking progress toward goal achievement b. Developing commitment to goals c. Developing long-term action plans d. Maintaining flexibility when making plansMaintaining flexibility when making plansAccording to psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, people at the postconventional level of moral development _____. a. use internalized ethical principles to solve ethical dilemmas b. make decisions based on selfish reasons c. worry less about punishment and more about doing things that directly advance their wants and needs d. make decisions that conform to societal expectationsUse internalized ethical principles to solve ethical dilemmasThe managers of Danestump, a hardware manufacturing company, are expected to follow standing plans before approving long leaves applied for by their subordinates. The standing plans detail the specific steps to be followed when approving such leaves. Given this information, the standing plans in this scenario can be referred to as _____. a. prototypes b. heuristics c. procedures d. artifactsProceduresJennifer is always the last one to enter the workplace and the first one to leave. She has an eight-hour shift at work but only does six hours of work every day. In the context of workplace deviance, this is an example of _____. a. personal aggression b. property deviance c. production deviance d. political devianceProduction DevianceCathlene runs a cake shop. Her primary goal is to set up the largest chain of cake shops in the city. Another goal of Cathlene's is to sell 400 cakes in December. In this scenario, Cathlene's goal of selling 400 cakes in December is an example of a _____. a. proximal goal b. passive goal c. capstone goal d. distal goalProximal goalTrendown Inc. has launched a plan to completely transition from a clothing retailer to a cosmetic brand by the end of the year. It has 24 stores across the city, and the management sets a target to transition two stores by the end of each month. In this scenario, Trendown Inc.'s monthly target is an example of a _____. a. capstone goal b. distal goal c. passive goal d. proximal goalProximal goalThe principle of distributive justice is designed to protect _____. a. honesty and openness b. the law c. the poor, the uneducated, and the unemployed d. the greater good for societyThe poor, the uneducated, and the unemployedIn the context of ethical intensity, unlike temporal immediacy, probability of effect _____. a. is the total harm or benefit derived from an ethical decision b. is the chance that something will happen that results in harm to others c. is agreement on whether behavior is bad or good d.is how much an act affects the average personIs the chance that something will happen that results in harm to othersBob's Assembly is a hardware manufacturer. It specializes in hardware for doors, cabinets, windows, and bathrooms. Bob's Assembly products are economical and more durable than 95% of its competitors' products. This scenario illustrates the concept of _____. a. strategic dissonance b. core capability c. competitive inertia d. distinctive competenceDistinctive competence