Alchoholism codependency-family members & friends try to cover up behaviors of the person facing alcoholism
-Maintain a sense of "normalcytime from withdrawal8 hours from last drinksigns and symptoms of withdrawalHyperactivity
tremors
nausea and vomiting
anxiety
grand mal seizures
Hallucinations
InsomniaTherapy with alcoholismAlcoholics anonymous (12 steps)medications for alcoholismchlordiazepoxide (librium)
Diazepam (valium)
valproic acid
SSRIsanorexia nervosaan eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselvesanorexia nervosa signs and symptoms-distorded body image
-electrolyte imbalances
-pre-occupied with food, but won't eat
-obsessive thoughts and exercise
-decreased sexual development
-weight loss
-hypothermia
-low BP & low HRgoals and treatment for anorexia-Behavioral programs
-Slow, steady weight gain of no more than 2 pounds per week
-Medications to treat anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors
-Close medical monitoring - artificial nutritionbulimia nervosa-Binge eating generally followed by purging
-Purge due to shame and guilt
-Non-purging bulimia: fasting or excessive exercising after binging
-Normal weight; purging and other activities done in privatesigns and symptoms of bulimia nervosa-use of laxatives and diuretics
-use of bathroom after eating
-erosion of tooth enamelcomplications of eating disorders- hypotension
- cardiac arrhythmia
- electrolyte imbalances (hypokalemia, hypocalcemia)
- heart and renal failure
- tooth decay
- esophageal ulcers
- Amenorrhea
- osteoporosisattention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-a disorder characterized by restlessness, inattentiveness, and impulsivity
-Symptoms must last for at least 6 months
-Symptoms must present as maladaptive/inconsistent with developmental levelage to diagnose adhddiagnosed by age 12nursing considerations for adhd medications-administer after eating
-administer no later than 6 hours before bedtime
-get a baseline weight and liver function and vitals
-monitor ptconduct disorderLong-term pattern of behavior problems associated with physical aggression,defiance, rule breaking and disturbed peer relationshipsconduct disorder signs and symptomsbullying
arson
carrying weapons
lying
fighting
animal abuse
running away from homeautism signs and symptomslack of eye contact and physical contact
repetitive actions
strict observance of routines
language delay
sleep disorders
obsessive intrest
no response to name (by 12 months)
not playing pretend (by 18 months)Depression in Adolescence-Most common psychological problem of adolescence: affects 15-20%
-Twice as many girls as boys
early-maturing girls
gender intensification
adults may not take seriously
-Factors
genetics
child-rearing practices
learned helplessnessAntidepressants and risk with childrenmay increase the risk for suicideaphasiaimpairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding).Restorative nursingprocess whereby disabled or ill person is helped to reach highest level of wellness, considering limitationsCommon Drug Side Effects for Elderly Patientsdry mouth
constipation
urinary complications
confusion
mood swings
orthostatic hypotensionabuse vs neglectabuse are violent acts that could result in injury or pain, impairment or disease;
neglect is failure to provide basic needs and/ or servicessigns and symptoms of abuseUnexplained bruises, fractures, burns or injuries, Signs of neglect such as poor personal hygiene, Irrational fears or change in personality, Aggressive or withdrawn behavior, Patient statements that indicate abuse or neglectdomestic violencePhysical, emotional, sexual, economicabuse cycle phases1. Tension-building
2. Acute battering incident
3. Honeymoonsexual assault nursing interventions-carefully use rape kit and preserve evidence
-show empathy
-be nonjudgmental
-provide safety and privacy
-maintain calm milieu
-stay with patientchild sexual assaultChildren become confused due to initial trusting of that person
-Frequent UTIs
-Torn, bloody underclothing
-Nightmares
-Bedwetting
-Sudden onset of sexually related behaviors
-Additional signs of child abuseinterventions for abused children-ensure child safety
-establish trusting relationship
-demonstrate acceptance
-maintain therapeutic milieuopioid overdose signs and symptomsDilated pupils
respiratory depression
Seizures
coma
death
Cardiopulmonary arrestamphetamines/methanphetamines overdose signs and symptomsataxia
high temperature
brain damage
Arrhythmias
Hypertensioncocaine overdose signs and symptomsTachycardia
Dilated pupils
high temperature
transient venospasms (can cause MI or CVA or death)Donepezil (Aricept)Cholinesterase Inhibitor (Alzheimer's)Naloxone (Narcan)Opioid antagonist used to reverse the effects of opiatesDisulfiram (Antabuse)Used for alcohol aversion therapyDiazepam (Valium)Anxiolytic and Sedative
It can treat anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures
