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Bio Quiz 10

Terms in this set (50)

Anemia is one symptom of deficiency of all the following vitamins and minerals except
Select one:
a. iron.
b. folic acid (folacin).
c. copper.
d. vitamin B12.
e. calcium.
e. calcium.
Which of the following is NOT a mineral required by the body?
Select one:
a. iron
b. folic acid (folacin)
c. copper
d. sodium
e. calcium
b. folic acid (folacin)
Which of the following associations is not true?
Select one:
a. Vitamin E is necessary for blood clotting.
b. A deficiency in Vitamin C can cause delayed healing of wounds.
c. A vital source of Vitamin A is deep yellow/orange vegetables.
d. Many B vitamins can be obtained from green leafy vegetables or whole grains.
e. Vitamin D is necessary for proper calcium absorption
a. Vitamin E is necessary for blood clotting.
Which is NOT a correct association of intestinal disorders?
Select one:
a. diarrhea—rapid movement of feces that may result in dehydration
b. constipation—too slow movement of feces, permitting hard and dry feces
c. polyps—small growths on the epithelial lining that can become cancerous
d. hemorrhoids—a sexually contracted disease
e. hepatitis—inflammation of the liver
d. hemorrhoids—a sexually contracted disease
In humans, what is the sequence of fat digestion from the lumen of the small intestine to the bloodstream?
Select one:

a. lipids → fatty acid and glycerol (converted in liver) → bloodstream
b. lipids → fatty acid and glycerol (converted in lacteal) → bloodstream
X(wrong) c. lipids → fatty acid and glycerol (converted in epithelial cell) → bloodstream
d. lipids → fatty acid and glycerol (converted in epithelial cell) → lacteal → bloodstream
e. lipids → fatty acid and glycerol (converted in liver) → lacteal → bloodstream
???
If you vomit and stomach contents move out through the nose, there has been a failure of the
Select one:
a. reflex action of reverse peristalsis.
b. trachea to move up under the epiglottis to cover the glottis.
c. soft palate to move back to close off the nasopharynx.
d. larynx to move up.
e. glottis to retain food.
c. soft palate to move back to close off the nasopharynx.
You suddenly develop explosive and frequent diarrhea. Which of the following is most likely not the cause?
Select one:
a. stress
b. consumption of spicy food
c. infection by a protozoan
X(wrong) d. infection by a virus
e. infection by a bacteria
???
Which of the following is not true of the tongue?
Select one:
a. The tongue functions to mix food with saliva and assist in swallowing.
b. A person's tongue is moved by external muscles.
c. The tongue consists of skeletal muscle under voluntary control.
d. The tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth.
e. The tongue secretes salivary amylase.
e. The tongue secretes salivary amylase.
Public health workers look for ways to prevent diseases. Which of the following jaundice-causing diseases has the potential to be reduced by public health measures?
Select one:
a. obstructive jaundice caused by gallstones
b. obstructive jaundice caused by a cancerous tumor
c. hepatitis A by sewage control
d. cirrhosis caused by excessive alcohol consumption
e. hemolytic jaundice by blood screening
c. hepatitis A by sewage control
Which eating disorder is characterized by an irrational fear of getting fat, often associated with a perceived body defect?
Select one:
a. anorexia nervosa
b. bulimia nervosa
c. binge-eating and purging
d. binge-eating
e. pica
a. anorexia nervosa
Which eating disorder is most likely due to a person being depressed?
Select one:
a. binge-eating disorder
b. bulimia nervosa
c. pica
d. anorexia nervosa
e. None of the answer choices is associated with depression.
a. binge-eating disorder
Which eating disorder is associated with a binge of high-calorie foods and feelings of guilt followed by a purge cycle.
Select one:
a. bulimia nervosa
b. binge-eating disorder
c. pica
d. anorexia nervosa
e. All of the answer choices are associated with a binge of high-calorie foods, and a feeling of guilt followed by a purge cycle.
a. bulimia nervosa
Which item will most likely be eaten by an individual who suffers from pica?
Select one:
a. charcoal
b. cookies
c. cakes
d. ice cream
e. All of the answer choices are associated with pica.
a. charcoal
Glucose is found in glomerular filtrate but NOT in the urine because
Select one:
a. the kidney stores glucose as glycogen.
b. kidney cells require glucose because energy is needed for active transport.
c. glucose is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
d. glucose is converted to amino acids in the kidney.
e. glucose molecules are too large to pass through the loop of the nephron (loop of Henle).
c. glucose is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?
Select one:
a. prostate enlargement—decreased urethral flow
b. cystitis—bladder infection
c. pyelonephritis—urethral infection
d. uremia—nephron damage
e. kidney stones—granules in the renal pelvis
c. pyelonephritis—urethral infection
Deamination of amino acids will result initially in the formation of
Select one:
a. ammonia.
b. urea.
c. glucose.
d. creatinine.
e. uric acid.
a. ammonia.
An increased amount of ADH leads to
Select one:
a. an increased amount of urine.
b. a decreased amount of urine.
c. no change in the amount of urine.
d. kidney failure.
e. a decreased amount of filtrate.
b. a decreased amount of urine.
Which of the following is NOT one of the steps (processes) involved in urine formation?
Select one:
a. glomerular filtration
b. tubular reabsorption
c. creatinine production
d. tubular secretion
e. filtration of small molecules into glomerular filtrate
c. creatinine production
Which structure releases aldosterone?
Select one:
a. glomerular (Bowman's) capsule
b. proximal convoluted tubule cells
c. loop of the nephron (loop of Henle)
d. collecting tubule
e. adrenal cortex
e. adrenal cortex
What capillaries are enclosed by the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule?
Select one:
a. peritubular
b. glomerular
c. loop of nephron (loop of Henle)
d. collecting tubule
e. pulmonary
b. glomerular
The buildup of the products of nucleic acid metabolism can lead to
Select one:
a. gout.
b. creatinine.
c. erythropoietin.
d. renal failure.
e. urethritis.
a. gout.
One morning when Jon is urinating, he experiences an incredible stabbing pain in his groin. What is most likely causing this pain?
Select one:
a. a bladder infection
b. kidney failure
c. inflammation of the urethra
d. bladder cancer
e. a kidney stone, perhaps stuck in the urethra
e. a kidney stone, perhaps stuck in the urethra
The physical principle upon which kidney dialysis is based is
Select one:
a. active transport.
b. diffusion.
c. heat transfer.
d. hydrogen ion transfer.
e. pinocytosis.
b. diffusion.
Since the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs molecules by diffusion, what structure would you expect to find at the microscopic level?
Select one:
a. microvilli to increase surface area
b. smooth muscle to stretch as the volume inside increases
c. numerous mitochondria to allow active transport
d. loose connective tissue so that liquids can pass through the cells
e. many neurons to stimulate the cells to reabsorb
a. microvilli to increase surface area
Which of the following is not normally found in the glomerular filtrate?
Select one:
a. water
b. red blood cells
c. nitrogenous wastes
d. glucose and other nutrients
e. salts (ions)
b. red blood cells
The importance of dietary fiber includes all of the following EXCEPT
Select one:
a. dilution of bile salts.
b. addition of bulk to the digestive tract.
c. a decreased risk of constipation.
d. a possible decreased risk of polyp formation.
e. increased blood cholesterol levels.
e. increased blood cholesterol levels.
Which of the following statements about proteins in the diet is not true?
Select one:
a. Complete protein sources include meat, milk, and eggs.
b. Legumes, seeds, nuts, and grains can be good protein sources, but contain insufficient amounts of at least one essential amino acid.
c. The body is harmed if an excess of protein is consumed.
d. Amino acids are stored in the body, so we do not need a regular supply of protein in the diet.
e. Two servings of meat a day, each approximately the size of a deck of cards, is considered enough protein.
d. Amino acids are stored in the body, so we do not need a regular supply of protein in the diet.
A woman is not getting enough calcium in her diet. One of the first symptoms she may experience would be
Select one:
a. a broken bone.
b. anemia
c. irregular heart beat
d. muscle spasms
e. night blindness
a. a broken bone.
Name the structure and organ of the digestive tract that contain microvilli and maltase, and absorb nutrients.
Select one:
a. villus, large intestine
b. villus, small intestine
c. villus, stomach
d. folds, stomach
e. pyloric sphincter, appendix
b. villus, small intestine
Which of these organs has contact with food for the least amount of time and does not participate in digestion?
Select one:
a. mouth
b. esophagus
c. stomach
d. small intestine
e. large intestine
b. esophagus
Which of the following is not a function of the liver?
Select one:
a. the production of bile
b. the production of digestive enzymes
c. the production of blood proteins
d. the removal of blood toxins
e. the storage of iron and certain vitamins
b. the production of digestive enzymes
Secretin, gastrin, and CCK in humans are
Select one:
a. all enzymes used to digest food. -XX-
b. all hormones that control digestive secretions.
c. all breakdown products of digestion.
d. produced in the gut by an acid pH.
e. proteins found in the intestinal submucosa.
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Protein digestion takes place in the
Select one:
a. mouth, stomach, and small intestine.
b. stomach and small intestine.
c. stomach, esophagus, and small intestine.
d. mouth and large intestine.
e. small intestine, large intestine, and mouth.
b. stomach and small intestine.
Which of the following human digestive enzymes is incorrectly matched to its substrate?
Select one:
a. pepsin—protein
b. trypsin—nucleic acid
c. salivary amylase—starch
d. lipase—fat
e. maltase—maltose
b. trypsin—nucleic acid
Which eating disorder is the most common?
Select one:
a. binge-eating disorder
b. pica
c. anorexia nervosa
d. bulimia nervosa
e. stomach ulcers
a. binge-eating disorder
Which of the following features is associated with pica?
Select one:
a. person is a greater risk for various poisoning
b. person has an irrational fear of getting fat
c. individual engages in extreme physical activity to avoid weight gain
d. person conducts self-induced vomiting and laxative abuse
e. individual frequently eats large amount of foods while feeling a loss of control
a. person is a greater risk for various poisoning
Obesity, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa are alike in that
Select one:
a. all are difficult to treat and may be caused by a number of factors.
b. all involve eating far less than is required for the body to function.
c. all involve vomiting or purging after eating.
d. in all cases the person is actually starving to death regardless of their outside appearance.
e. in all cases the person is on a very restrictive diet.
a. all are difficult to treat and may be caused by a number of factors.
Which of the following will NOT increase the risk of obesity?
Select one:
a. sedentary activities
b. poor eating habits as a family
c. exercise and sensible diet
d. excessive intake of fatty foods
e. body fat content above 20% ideal body weight
c. exercise and sensible diet
What is the correct order an excreted water molecule moves from glomerulus to collecting duct?
Select one:
a. loop of nephron → glomerular capsule → proximal convoluted tubule → distal convoluted tubule
b. glomerular capsule → proximal convoluted tubule → loop of nephron → distal convoluted tubule
c. glomerular capsule → proximal convoluted tubule → distal convoluted tubule → loop of nephron
d. proximal convoluted tubule → glomerular capsule → loop of nephron → distal convoluted tubule
e. distal convoluted tubule → glomerular capsule → proximal convoluted tubule → loop of nephron
b. glomerular capsule → proximal convoluted tubule → loop of nephron → distal convoluted tubule
Tubular secretion allows hydrogen ions, creatinine, and penicillin to be excreted in the distal convoluted tubule. How are these molecules moved across?
Select one:
a. fluid pressure similar to what happens in the glomerulus
b. passive diffusion
c. osmosis
d. active transport
e. reverse reabsorption
d. active transport
Which of the following does not contribute to homeostasis?
Select one:
a. excretion of metabolic wastes
b. maintenance of water-salt balance
c. maintenance of acid-base balance
d. excretion of proteins and nucleotides
e. secretion of hormones
d. excretion of proteins and nucleotides
Urinary tract infections that involve the bladder are called
Select one:
a. urethritis.
b. kidneyitis.
c. cystitis.
d. nephritis.
e. prostatitis.
c. cystitis.
Jackie's ankles are very swollen at night after work. When she went to the doctor about the problem, the doctor requested a urine specimen. Why?
Select one:
a. Edema could be a sign of kidney failure. A urine sample might contain protein or urea.
b. Jackie is probably drinking too much water and the doctor can see this because the urine will be very dilute.
c. Jackie probably stands all day long and this prevents the urinary system from working correctly.
d. Edema is a sign of kidney stones and the doctor is looking for small stones in the urine.
e. Edema could be a sign of an inactive bladder. The doctor wants to see if Jackie is capable of urinating.
a. Edema could be a sign of kidney failure. A urine sample might contain protein or urea.
Which is NOT a function of the urinary system?
Select one:
a. monitoring and maintaining blood pH at about 7.4
b. regulating blood pressure by regulating salt balance in the blood
c. elimination of nitrogenous wastes including urea, uric acid, and creatinine
d. hormone secretion to stimulate red blood cell production and regulate sodium ion levels
e. production of water from oxygen and bicarbonate ions (HCO3)
e. production of water from oxygen and bicarbonate ions (HCO3)
Sodium concentration in the urine will be maintained due to the loop of the nephron (loop of Henle) exhibiting
Select one:
a. an active release of sodium from the descending limb.
b. a passive and active release of sodium from the ascending limb.
c. a passive release of sodium from the descending limb.
d. the release of water from the ascending limb.
e. the active transport of water.
b. a passive and active release of sodium from the ascending limb.
What is the main reason for hemolytic uremic syndrome?
Select one:
a. the bacteria Escherichia coli
b. increased animal protein in the diet
c. accumulation of granules within the renal pelvis
d. increased usage of diuretics
e. All of the answer choices are reasons for hemolytic uremic syndrome.
a. the bacteria Escherichia coli
The portion of the kidney which is continuous with the ureter is the
Select one:
a. renal cortex.
b. renal medulla.
c. glomerulus.
d. renal pelvis.
e. nephron.
d. renal pelvis.
The kidney was one of the first organs to be successfully transplanted because it is so encapsulated and has limited vessels feeding into or out of it. How many major vessels must be cut in transplant surgery for one kidney?
Select one:
a. two: the renal artery and vein
b. three: the renal artery and vein and one urethra
c. three: the renal artery and vein and one ureter
d. four: the renal artery and vein and the ureter and urethra
e. five: the renal artery and vein, two ureters and one urethra
c. three: the renal artery and vein and one ureter
Reabsorption of water, nutrients, and required salts occurs in the what part of the nephron?
Select one:
a. glomerulus
b. distal convoluted tubule
c. proximal convoluted tubule
d. collecting duct
e. loop of the nephron (loop of Henle)
c. proximal convoluted tubule
Artificial kidneys" do not function in all respects like a natural kidney. What is one inherent problem and what is its practical solution?
Select one:
a. Artificial systems are less efficient; run the artificial kidney 24 hours a day.
-XX- b. Artificial kidneys are complex and must be operated at hospitals; train home care nurses.
c. Dialysis uses passive diffusion and some kidney functions require selective active transport; restrict diet to limit the variety of waste molecules.
d. Artificial kidneys treat the blood directly, requiring IV tubing, etc.; invent an alternative to avoid the bloodstream.
e. Blood coagulates any time it leaves the body; dilute the blood.
???
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