PSYC 3100 Test 1 Questions

Q2. A newspaper reports the results of a correlational study suggesting that an increase in the amount of violence watched on TV by children may be responsible for an increase in the amount of playground aggressiveness they display. However, the parents' aggression may actually be responsible for the increase in playground aggression. What type of problem is this known as?
a) direction of causality problem
b) third variable problem
c) construct validity problem
d) external validity problem

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b) the third variable problem

Q2. When results from a study can be easily generalized to a population, the study is said to have strong ___ validity.

a) inferential
b) internal
c) external
d) construct

c) external

Q2. A researcher would like to see if face-to-face interactions stimulate more happiness than social interactions done through video chat (e.g., facetime or zoom). 100 female participants are asked to talk to a stranger about where they would like to vacation if they could go anywhere in the world; some participants do this chat on Skype (video chat) while others do this chat in person (in the same room)- method of chat is determined through random assignment. After a 10-minute chatting period, participants complete a 10-question self-report happiness survey.

The independent variable in this study is _________ and the dependent variable in this study is ______?

a) Happiness Level
b) Gender of the participants (male/female)
c) Interaction type (facetime/zoom chat vs face-to-face chat)
d) preference for vacation spot
e) 10-minute chatting period

c) Interaction type (facetime/zoom chat vs face-to-face chat); a) happiness level

Q2. True experiments tend to be higher in _____ validity compared to correlational studies.

a) inferential
b) internal
c) external
d) construct

b) internal

Q2. Dr. Gilbert is interested in studying the impacts of alcohol consumption on verbal intelligence. In his study, some participants are randomly selected to drink 2 alcoholic drinks (gin and tonic water and ice containing a total of 4 shots of vodka) and other participants are randomly selected to drink 2 non-alcoholic drinks (same level of liquids, with tonic water/ice but no gin). Then participants answer about 30 multiple-choice questions taken from the verbal portion of the Graduate Record Examinations (GREs). Verbal intelligence is measured as the percentage of verbal GRE questions correctly answered.

Which of the following confounding variables would best be handled through random assignment?
a) Participants' level of alcohol tolerance (i.e., how quickly alcohol metabolizes in blood)
b) Temperature in the room at the time of the test
c) The way in which the test is presented to the participant (e.g., computer vs. paper/pencil)
d) Time given to participants to consume the drink

a) Participants' level of alcohol tolerance (i.e., how quickly alcohol metabolizes in blood)

Q2. Dr. Gilbert is interested in studying the impacts of alcohol consumption on verbal intelligence. In his study, some participants are randomly selected to drink 2 alcoholic drinks (gin and tonic water and ice containing a total of 4 shots of vodka) and other participants are randomly selected to drink 2 non-alcoholic drinks (same level of liquids, with tonic water/ice but no gin). Then participants answer about 30 multiple-choice questions taken from the verbal portion of the Graduate Record Examinations (GREs). Verbal intelligence is measured as the percentage of verbal GRE questions correctly answered.

Which of the following confounding variables would best be handled through experimental control?
a) Participants' preference for enjoying bitter drinks
b) How much sleep the participants got in the past 24 hours
c) Participants' familiarity with GRE questions
d) Whether the participant takes the GRE test on a computer vs. paper/pencil

d) Whether the participant takes the GRE test on a computer vs. paper/pencil

Q2. Which of the following examples would be the "direction of causality" problem in correlational research, using the Today Show media highlighted in our lecture (part 2) of the impacts of spanking on IQ in children?

a) We don't know if spanking decreases IQ or if low IQ children are spanked more often.
b) Parents' IQ might completely explain the relationship between children's IQ and spanking frequency.
c) It is possible that more spanking might INCREASE rather than DECREASE children's IQ levels; we cannot be sure of the overall direction of the correlation.
d) Direction of causality is only an issue for true experiments; correlational studies do not need to worry about this problem.

a) We don't know if spanking decreases IQ or if low IQ children are spanked more often.

Q2. We want to do a study that looks at how time spent wearing FitBits (measuring amount of physical activity) is related to self-esteem in college students. Researchers ask participants to wear FitBits for one full week and to go about how they normally live (maintain their level of physical activity). Throughout the week, participants complete an online 10-question self-esteem survey and the measurements taken from the FitBits include their average heartrate, number of steps taken per hour, temperature, and cortisol levels. What type of study is this?

a) Correlational
b) Experimental
c) Quasi-experimental
d) Survey study
e) Single-case study

a) Correlational

Q2. What do true experimental study designs have that correlational studies always LACK? Select ALL that apply:
a) random selection from the population
b) random assignment of the IV conditions amongst participants
c) strong external validity
d) high levels of experimental control
e) large sample sizes

b) random assignment of the IV conditions amongst participants
d) high levels of experimental control

Q2. Dr Sanborn created a survey that is designed to measure a person's degree of "coolness". However, she is very surprised at some of the people she tests-- their coolness score from the survey doesn't match her perception of how cool that person is. Dr Sanborn questions the accuracy of this self-report test. In other words, she thinks this coolness survey has low ________.
a) reliability
b) construct validity
c) external validity
d) internal validity
e) statistical significance

b) construct validity

Q3. To study the effect of type of stimulus on memory recall, Hayden has participants receive either an auditory or visual presentation of a poem. After the presentation, participants are asked to answer several questions about the poem. Hayden has employed which type of experimental design? a) Between-subjects b) Within-subjects/repeated measures c) Mixed-Subjects d) Pretest/Posttesta) Between-subjectsQ3. A developmental psychologist measures aggressive behavior in a group of second-grade children after watching an educational non-violent cartoon (Dora the Explorer) and then they measure aggressive behavior again after those same children watch a violent/aggressive cartoon (Tom and Jerry). A random selection of half of the children are told that their parents KNOW they are watching the cartoon, and the other half are told their parents DO NOT KNOW they are watching the cartoon. This design would best represent a(n) _______ design. a) Independent groups/Between-subjects b) Within-subjects/repeated measures c) Mixed-Subjects design d) Multiple baseline designc) Mixed-Subjects designQ3. A researcher wants to know whether wearing sunglasses improves driving performance. In a randomized counterbalanced repeated measures design, presence or absence of sunglasses would be varied by a) randomly assigning half the drivers to a sunglasses condition and randomly assigning the other half to a no‑sunglasses condition b) having all drivers first drive without sunglasses and then with sunglasses. c) randomly assigning half of the participants to first drive without sunglasses and then with sunglasses and randomly assigning the other half of participants to first drive with sunglasses and then without sunglasses. d) randomly checking a selection of participants to see what their sunglasses status is.c) randomly assigning half of the participants to first drive without sunglasses and then with sunglasses and randomly assigning the other half of participants to first drive with sunglasses and then without sunglasses.Q3. A Latin Square design is used when a) multiple baselines must be observed. b) complete randomized counterbalancing requires too many conditions. c) repeated measures cannot be used. d) all possible orders of the conditions must be tested forb) complete randomized counterbalancing requires too many conditions.Q3. A person's pulse rate (as measured in beats per minute) would be an example of a(n) _____ scale. a) nominal b) ordinal c) interval d) ratiod) ratioQ3. Categorizing whether a participant has blond, red, brown, or black hair would be an example of a(n) _____ scale. a) Nominal b) Ordinal c) Interval d) Ratioa) NominalQ3. Likert scale (1 to 7 strongly agree to strongly disagree) are typically (in this class) considered ______ because we assume there is/are ________. a) nominal; a meaningful zero b) ordinal; equal distances between each point of the scale (difference between 1 & 2 same as 3 & 4) c) ratio; a meaningful zero d) interval; equal distances between each point of the scale (difference between 1 & 2 same as 3 & 4)d) interval; equal distances between each point of the scale (difference between 1 & 2 same as 3 & 4)Q3. Operational definitions of variables a) help other researchers replicate/repeat study findings. b) are only necessary to use in true experiments c) are required only for ratio-level variables d) make abstract constructs more challenging to measurea) help other researchers replicate/repeat study findings.Q3. Which of the following variables would be considered a "discrete" variable? a) The average daily pulse rate of a person b) The time it takes to get from home to school c) The weight of a truck in a truck-weighing station d) The number of cars sold by a car dealer in one monthd) The number of cars sold by a car dealer in one monthQ3. Why does the scale of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) matter to a researcher? a) because the scale of measurement can impact the external validity of the study b) because the scale of measurement determines which statistics you can use for your analyses. c) because the scale of measurement can impact the internal validity of the study d) because we like to drive our students crazy with questions easy to test in multiple choice formats; there is no reason to figure this outb) because the scale of measurement determines which statistics you can use for your analyses.M3. You would like to study factors that impact motor vehicle driver satisfaction. Of the variables below, choose the ONE NOMINAL independent variable (IV) you could manipulate to see how it impacts drivers satisfaction. DO NOT choose a quasi-IV. a) Transmission Type b) Gender c) Hair Color d) Extroversion e) Miles Per Gallona) Transmission TypeM3. If your nominal independent variable (IV) was 'seat fabric type', give an example of two conditions/levels/or groups this IV could be presented as in the experiment.cloth, leatherM3. If your independent variable (IV) was 'backup camera type' and your dependent variable (DV) was 'driver satisfaction,' which one of the following answer choices best matches a between-subjects design using both of these variables? a) A group of participants are randomly assigned to drive a car with a backup camera OR a car without a backup camera for 20 minutes, followed by completion of the driving satisfaction survey. b) A group of participants are randomly assigned to drive a car with a backup camera for 20 minutes AND a car without a backup camera for 20 minutes, after each drive it is followed by completion of the driving satisfaction survey. c) A group of participant are randomly assigned to take a driver satisfaction survey OR not before driving a car with a backup camera for 20 minutes d) A group of participants were randomly assigned to drive a car without a backup camera for 20 minutes OR complete a driver satisfaction surveya) A group of participants are randomly assigned to drive a car with a backup camera OR a car without a backup camera for 20 minutes, followed by completion of the driving satisfaction survey.M3. If your independent variable (IV) was 'backup camera type' and your dependent variable (DV) was 'driver satisfaction,' which answer choice below best fits a within-subjects design? a) A group of participants are asked to drive a car with a backup camera (or without a backup camera) for 20 minutes and then complete a driving satisfaction survey and then drive a car without a backup camera (or with a backup camera) for 20 minutes and complete a second driving satisfaction survey. b) A group of participants are asked to drive a car with a backup camera for 20 minutes and then complete a driving satisfaction survey or drive a car without a backup camera for 20 minutes and complete a driving satisfaction survey. c) A group of participants are asked to complete a driver satisfaction survey (or not) and then drive a car with a backup camera and then complete a driver satisfaction survey (or not) before driving a car without a backup camera. d) A group of participants are asked to complete a driver satisfaction survey and then drive a car with a backup camera or complete a driver satisfaction survey before driving a car without a backup camera.a) A group of participants are asked to drive a car with a backup camera (or without a backup camera) for 20 minutes and then complete a driving satisfaction survey and then drive a car without a backup camera (or with a backup camera) for 20 minutes and complete a second driving satisfaction survey.M3. Referring to the example below, would you use randomized counterbalancing or Latin-square design to address order effects? A group of participants are asked to drive a car with manual (or automatic) transmission for 10 minutes and then complete a driving satisfaction survey and then they drive a car with automatic (or manual) transmission for 10 minutes and complete a second driving satisfaction survey. Thus all participants drive BOTH types of cars, but some drive the manual first and automatic second and the other half drive the automatic first followed by manual. a) Latin-square design b) Randomized Counterbalancing c) There is no need to worry about order effects for this designb) Randomized CounterbalancingM3. A researcher would like to see how driving a car with or without the radio turned on would impact driving satisfaction. She has decided it would be best to use a between-subjects design for this study. 1) Describe one advantage of using a between-subjects design for this particular study. 2) Then describe one-disadvantage to using a between-subjects design for this particular study.1) There would be no fatigue effect. 2) You would have to rely on randomization for certain extraneous variables, such as music preference and driving ability, which could bias resultsM3. Which of the following designs regarding driving satisfaction would be considered a mixed-subjects design? a) Participants either drive on curvy country back roads OR the interstate for 30 minutes. In addition, while driving, participants listen to the radio OR have no radio at all playing (radio station is always the same for all participants). They complete a driver satisfaction survey at the end of the study one single time. b) Participants either drive on curvy country back roads OR the interstate for 30 minutes. In addition, while driving, participants listen to the radio for 15 minutes of time, and then they are asked to drive without any music/radio for the other 15 minutes of time (the order of the radio IV conditions randomly counterbalanced). They are asked to complete a driving satisfaction survey after each 15 minute interval passes (twice per person total). c) Participants drive on curvy country back roads for 30 minutes, followed by a drive on the interstate for 30 minutes. In addition, while driving curvy country roads, participants listen to the radio for 15 minutes of time followed by no radio for 15 minutes (order counterbalanced). Participants also drive on the interstate while listening to the radio for 15 minutes followed by no radio for 15 minutes (order counterbalanced). Driving satisfaction surveys are completed 4 total times (after each of the 4 15 minute segments). d) Participants drive on curvy country back roads for 30 minutes. While driving, participants listen to the radio OR have no radio at all playing (radio station is always the same for all participants). They complete a driver satisfaction survey at the end of the study one single time. e) Participants drive on the interstate for 30 minutes. While driving, participants listen to the radio for 15 minutes AND they also have no radio at all playing for 15 minutes (radio station is always the same for all participants). They complete a driver satisfaction survey two times during the study.b) Participants either drive on curvy country back roads OR the interstate for 30 minutes. In addition, while driving, participants listen to the radio for 15 minutes of time, and then they are asked to drive without any music/radio for the other 15 minutes of time (the order of the radio IV conditions randomly counterbalanced). They are asked to complete a driving satisfaction survey after each 15 minute interval passes (twice per person total).M3. You would like to study factors that impact motor vehicle driver satisfaction (measured via 10 item likert survey which is considered an interval dependent variable). Suggest one quasi-IV (a quasi-IV is a characteristic about the participant that you can't manipulate/assign conditions to but are interested in measuring) you would be interested in measuring to see how it interacts with the IV 'backup camera type' proposed to impact driver satisfaction.Gender of the of the driverM3. You would like to study factors that impact motor vehicle driver satisfaction (measured via 10 item likert survey which is considered an interval dependent variable). Suggest one confounding variable you would want to make sure to "control for" (keep the same) between your conditions (hint: think about characteristics of the cars, including design/interior features, conditions of the route itself, drivers, study procedure)?Type of license, make and model of vehicleM3. You would like to study factors that impact motor vehicle driver satisfaction (measured via 10 item likert survey which is considered an interval dependent variable). Suggest one confounding variable you would be able to rely on random assignment resolving (hint: think about characteristics of the participants that could impact driver satisfaction-- these are things you can't control for easily).Driving history and preference, height of the driverQ4. What is the difference between true experimental designs and quasi-experimental designs? a) True experimental designs use random assignment while quasi-experimental designs do not. b) True experimental designs use control groups while quasi-experimental designs do not. c) Quasi-experimental designs use random assignment while experimental designs do not. d) Quasi-experimental designs use control groups while experimental designs do not.a) True experimental designs use random assignment while quasi-experimental designs do not.Q4. Please agree or disagree with the following statement: "Zoom is a useful and user-friendly software program" is an example of _______? A) a leading question B) a double-barreled question C) negatively framed question D) positively framed question E) there is nothing problematic about this questionB) a double-barreled questionQ4. "Are you in favor of programs designed to help lower the unreasonably high rent in the county?" is an example of a _____ question A) ambiguous B) leading C) double barreled D) negatively framedB) leadingQ4. You need to get an even ratio of male to female participants; you wander the halls of Brackett Hall to find 5 more males who are willing to participate in your study. This sampling method is called _____sampling A) simple random B) convenience C) stratified random D) quota E) clusterD) quotaQ4. With probability sampling techniques, each member of the population has a(n) ____ probability of being sampled and is ____ likely to have a high degree of external validity. A) equal; most B) unequal; most C) unequal; least D) equal; least E) large; most F). large; leastA) equal; mostQ4. You recruit participants for your study by asking others who participate in your study if they can ask their friends to participate. This sampling method is called ________ sampling. A) quota B) haphazard/convenience C) snowball D). purposive E). clusterC) snowballQ4. One elementary school classroom gets access to wobble chairs for a month, which allow for extra movement when sitting at a desk (they are unstable chairs that rock on the floor). This classroom volunteered for the study because the teacher was interested in encouraging non-traditional seating in her class. Student reading comprehension scores are collected after the end of this month long period and compared to a control group of a regular classroom that has no wobble chairs in it. Reading comprehension scores were higher in the wobble chair classroom than the control classroom. What type of quasi-experimental design is this? A) non-equivalent control group post-test B) single group pre-test post-test C) single group post-test D) non-equivalent control group pre-test post-testA) non-equivalent control group post-testQ4. Which the following limitations accurately describe the selection bias problem that is common for the design used in the Wobble Chair Study described in the previous question? A) Differences observed between the classrooms could be due to a fluke/error in measuring reading comprehension scores, not due to the actual use of the Wobble chairs. B) No evidence of actual wobble chair use was verified for students in the wobble chair classroom. C) Differences observed between the classrooms could reflect pre-existing differences between the student classes rather than a true positive effect of wobble chair use on reading comprehension D) Experimental control was not effectively used for this study, introducing a lot of confounding variables that could lower internal validity of the study.C) Differences observed between the classrooms could reflect pre-existing differences between the student classes rather than a true positive effect of wobble chair use on reading comprehensionQ4. Dr. Gould would like to find out why individuals are resistant to wearing masks but is not sure where to start as a lot of research is still unknown and in the works. He would like to gather a small group of individuals together to ask them questions about their perceptions regarding mask wearing. What type of questions would work best in this situation? A) Open-ended questions B) Close-ended questions C) Yes/No questions that are easy to code D) Likert-scale questionsA) Open-ended questionsQ4. Which type of data collection method would yield the highest degree of external validity? A) Archival Data Method B) Experimental Method C) Survey/Self-report Method D) Observational Method E) Quasi-Experimental MethodD) Observational MethodM4. Like true experiments, quasi experimental studies have high levels of ____________ but are missing the key characteristic of _____________. a) external validity; experimental assignment b) experimental control; random selection c) experimental control; random assignment d) random assignment; experimental control e) random selection; experimental controlc) experimental control; random assignmentM4. Let's say you want to explore impacts of breastfeeding on infant IQ scores. You administer/compare IQ scores for 12 month old infants who were breastfed exclusively for the first 6 months of their life to IQ scores of 12 month old formula fed infants who were never breastfed at all in their lifetime. You keep everything identical as possible during the IQ test period in terms of room type, administrator, and length of test. Which type of design is this? a) A true experimental design b) A single-group pre-test post-test quasi experimental design c) A non-equivalent control group post-test quasi experimental design d) A non-equivalent control group pre-test post-test quasi experimental design e) A self-report survey study.c) A non-equivalent control group post-test quasi experimental designM4. Your research methods instructor asks you to distribute a survey on cheating to a random sample of college students. To save time, you go to the cafeteria and distribute the surveys among the students who are there. This sampling method is called ________ sampling. a) simple random b) convenience c) cluster d) quota e) purposiveb) convenienceM4. If you want to assess presidential candidate preferences of Pickens County registered voters classified by social class/income, you might randomly select voters from each subgroup according to their proportion in the entire county. This sampling technique is called ________ sampling. a) quota b) cluster c) simple random d) stratified random e) convenienced) stratified randomM4. The chair of the Psychology department is interested in Psychology majors' attitudes toward implementing an internship as a requirement for completion of the degree. She obtains a list of all students who are psychology majors, randomly selects 100, and surveys all of the selected students. What type of sampling technique has she employed? a) Simple random sample b) Stratified random sample c) Systematic random sample d) Quota sample e) Purposive samplea) Simple random sampleM4. The chair of the Psychology department is interested in Psychology majors' attitudes toward implementing an internship as a requirement for completion of the degree. She goes to the Psi Chi meeting to find the most enthusiastic and involved psychology majors and asks those specific students she thinks are "most enthusiastic" for their input. What type of sampling technique has she employed? a) Simple random sample b) Stratified random sample c) Systematic random sample d) Quota sample e) Purposive samplee) Purposive sampleM4. This quiz is useless and challenging! Select which of the following problems this question is most likely to have/ a) This question is too vague. b) This question is negatively framed. c) This question is double-barreled. d) This question is leading. e) There are no issues with this question at all.c) This question is double-barreled.M4. Where should demographic questions go in a survey? a) Nowhere! They are never ok to ask! b) At the beginning, they are the most important questions because they will describe your sample! c) At the end, as demographic questions at the start might bias responses during a survey. d) In the middle, so participants are caught off-guard and don't think about their gender or race status as much.c) At the end, as demographic questions at the start might bias responses during a survey.M4. What is a problem of this survey question? Pick the best answer. How great of a teacher is your hard-working professor? a) This is a leading question. b) This is a double-barreled question. c) This is a vague question. This is a negatively framed question. d) There are no issues with this question.a) This is a leading question.What is a problem of this survey question? Pick the best answer. "Rate the extent to which you found the bathroom not dirty" -Not at all -A little bit -A lot -Very much so a) This question was double-barreled. b) This question was negatively framed. c) This question was leading. d) This question had too much jargon in it.b) This question was negatively framed.M5. Which of the following answer choices is not a level of IRB review? a) Full Review b) Partial Review c) Exempt Studies d) Expedited e) All of the above are levels of IRB reviewb) Partial ReviewM5. The Belmont principles were created for what reason? a) So that researchers can get away with unethical experiment conditions b) To make it difficult for researchers to create and preform experiments c) To prevent unethical experimentation from occurring d) So that participants could get paid for their contributions to an experimentc) To prevent unethical experimentation from occurringM5. Examine the study: 'A researcher is interested in study habit and grade point average.' Data is collected from students taking an intro psychology class, but no data is identifiable and all participants are completely anonymous. What type of study would the IRB consider this study to be? a) Exempt b) Expedited c) Full Board Study/Full review d) This study does not need any IRB approvala) ExemptM5. Examine the study: 'A searcher explores moods and cognitive performance by asking people to watch stand-up comedy clips or horror movie clips after completing a cognitive ability assessment.' This study includes mood manipulation and potentially invoke feelings of trauma or PTSD in some participants. Participants are also identifiable. What type of study would the IRB consider this to be?c) Needs full review by an IRB committeeM5. Participants' reaction times are measured during a driving simulation, to see how quickly they brake or swerve from pedestrians when required. During this driving simulation, we will play infant crying sounds or classical music or no sounds to see how sounds distract and slow down reaction time in participants. Participants are identifiable but there are no risks greater than daily life in this study. What type of study would the IRB consider this study to be? a) Exempt b) Expedited c) Needs full review by an IRB committee d) This study does not require IRB approvalb) ExpeditedM5. The Belmont Principle of justice matches which description? a) researchers make sure that risks do not outweigh the benefits of the participants b) researchers include informed and voluntary consent and the right to withdrawal for participants, reducing the risk of harm whenever possible c) researchers have fair selection of participants, all groups receive benefits of participation, no groups will be unfairly selected to participate d) researchers make sure that participants are compensated for their time.c) researchers have fair selection of participants, all groups receive benefits of participation, no groups will be unfairly selected to participateM5. The Belmont Principle of Beneficence matches which description? a) researchers include informed and voluntary consent and the right to withdrawal for participants, reducing the risk of harm whenever possible b) researchers make sure that risks do not outweigh the benefits of the participants c) researchers make sure that participants are compensated for their time. d) researchers have fair selection of participants, all groups receive benefits of participation, no groups will be unfairly selected to participateb) researchers make sure that risks do not outweigh the benefits of the participantsM5. The Belmont Principle of Autonomy/Respect for Persons matches which description? a) researchers make sure that risks do not outweigh the benefits of the participants b) researchers include informed and voluntary consent and the right to withdrawal for participants, reducing the risk of harm whenever possible c) researchers have fair selection of participants, all groups receive benefits of participation, no groups will be unfairly selected to participate d) researchers make sure that participants are compensated for their time.b) researchers include informed and voluntary consent and the right to withdrawal for participants, reducing the risk of harm whenever possibleM5. "Participants are asked to complete a "personality measure." Then they are given bogus feedback (the so-called "personality measures" are never really scored) and told that they either possess negative personality traits or possess positive personality traits. Participants are not told that the personality test they get will be incorrect. Everyone in the study then completed SAT-style academic test questions and those receiving the negative personality result do worse than those who have the positive personality test result. NO participants are debriefed at the end of the study-- they all leave thinking that the personality assessment was correct. What Belmont principle is most directly neglected by this study? a) Beneficence b) Autonomy/Respect for Persons c) Justice d) Fairnessb) Autonomy/ Respect for PersonsM5. A researcher would like to explore how deviant behavior is related to academic functioning. He selects only schools in the town that are less likely to have high levels of parental guidance and supervision over the students; and he excludes students from honors classes to participate, fearing that their parents may not like his study. What type of principle is being violated? a) Beneficence b) Autonomy/Respect for Persons c) Justice d) Fairnessc) JusticeQ5. Which principle of the Belmont Report would have prevented the doctors in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study from only selecting African American males in their study? A) Beneficence B) Autonomy/Respect for Persons C) Justice D) Equality E) Informed ConsentC) JusticeQ5. According to the Belmont Report, the need for research to maximize benefits and minimize possible harmful effects refers to which principle? A) Autonomy/Respect for persons B) Beneficence C) Justice D) Informed Consent E) EqualityB) BeneficenceQ5. Which principle in the Belmont Report emphasizes the need to give all participants informed consent, meaning you tell them what to expect from the study, and that they can back out at any time without penalty? A) Autonomy/Respect for persons B) Beneficence C) Justice D) Informed Consent E) EqualityA) Autonomy/ Respect for personsQ5. Dr. Hyde would like to collect information from participants' credit history and checking account data and correlate it to their adjusted gross income levels taken from their tax incomes filed in the past 5 years, along with data on their level of risk-taking and information on whether they are on medication for depression or anxiety. Data collected is fully confidential, but is identifiable and could harm the reputation of participants if it gets into the wrong hands; special procedures are in place to keep the data as protected as possible. What level of study is this most likely to fall into? a) Expedited b) Full board c) Exempt d) Not Eligible for Human Subjects Research Guidelinesb) Full boardQ5. Dr. Jekyll would like to collect anonymous survey data correlating body image to depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. Participants are invited online and no data about their own identity is collected. What level of study is this most likely considered? a) Expedited b) Full board c) Exempt d) Not Eligible for Human Subjects Research Guidelinesc) ExemptQ5. Jacob is a very intelligent, ahead of his years 17-year-old young man who would like to take part in a psychology study examining academic success and personal ambition. To participate in this study, the researchers must: a) Get written consent from Jacob only b) Get written consent from Jacob and written consent from Jacob's legal guardian c) Get Jacob's verbal assent in addition to Jacob's legal guardian's written consent d) Get Jacob's legal guardian's written consent only e) Get Jacob's written consent and his legal guardian's verbal assentc) Get Jacob's verbal assent in addition to Jacob's legal guardian's written consentQ5. Which of the following is required if deception is involved in a study: a) Full debriefing of the true purpose of the study b) Nothing is involved so long as there is no physical risk to the participant c) Partial debriefing of the true purpose of the study, only telling the participant the minimal needed d) Monetary payment to alleviate the participant's concernsa) Full debriefing of the true purpose of the studyQ5. What was the selection bias issue for the Prison Study? a) Participants who heard about the study through the want ads were found to be less academically inclined and mostly in the study for the monetary incentive compared to the general population. b) Participants who were heard about the study through the want ads were more likely to be authoritarian, aggressive, and less likely to be empathetic and altruistic. It's hard to know if power dynamics would have been seen in individuals who do not have these traits. c) Participants who participated in this study were not paid to be in the study, therefore they were not as invested in taking the study seriously. d) There was no selection bias in this study- the sample was obtained through a random sampling probability technique and participants were randomly assigned to the prisoner and guard roles.b) Participants who were heard about the study through the want ads were more likely to be authoritarian, aggressive, and less likely to be empathetic and altruistic. It's hard to know if power dynamics would have been seen in individuals who do not have these traits.Q5. For the Tuskegee study, which of the following Belmont Principles were violated (select all that apply): a) Beneficence b) Autonomy/Respect for Persons c) Equivalence d) Transparency e) Justicea) Beneficence b) Autonomy/ Respect for Persons e) JusticeQ5. In Milgram's study on obedience, telling participants the purpose of the experiment was to study learning and memory was an example of a) justice. b) deception. c) informed consent. d) debriefing. e) beneficence.b) deception.

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