Exam 2 - Seizures/Dysautonomia

Syncope
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Terms in this set (29)
Syncope
Sudden loss of consciousness -. deprivation of O2 or glucose
complete recovery in seconds to minutes --> normal afterwards
Seizure
Any event that is brief, recurrent, episodic, unpredictable, and unexplained should be considered a possible _______ event.
False
T/F: Partial seizures are most common: tonic-clonic(stiffness-movement), Consciousness is lost, Loss of autonomic control, Can include absence seizures, myoclonic
True
T/F: Partial seizures are where it is One hemisphere or lobe effected, seen as Confusion as to presence in dogs/cats and Consciousness may be retained, jerking motion of muscle/muscle group
Ictus Phase
the seizure itself
Post-Ictus Phase
variable duration --> possible temporary blindness up to 2-4 days in seizure phase
Interictal period
seizure phase important to determine normalcy
Paroxysmal Dyskinesia
cramping syndrome in dogs, Consciousness not impaired. Can last seconds, minutes, hours. Normal between episodes. Self-limiting
Primary Epileptic
seizure classification: no underlying cause, familial epilepsy
Secondary Epileptic
seizure classification: identifiable structural cerebral lesion --> hydrocephalus, neoplasia
Reactive epilepticseizure classification: normal brain, metabolic cause (ie hypertension, toxicities, renal failure, hypoglycemia)FalseT/F: You should treat a dog that has infrequent seizures with no changeTrueT/F: repetitive seizures may lead to kindling and mirroring, making the seizures harder to treat as time goes onTrueT/F: You should treat a dog that has frequent seizures, decreasing interictal period, cluster seizuresTrueT/F: repetitive seizures may lead to kindling and mirroring, making the seizures harder to treat as time goes onFalseT/F: You should treat a dog that has infrequent seizures with no changeFalseT/F: Phenobarbital, KBr, Benzodiazepines Inhibit glutamateTrueT/F: Zonisamide, Levetiracetam, Gabapentin, Felbamate, Topiramate Inhibit glutamatePhenobarbialThis medication will make the animal very tired/may look ataxic. Requires long term monitoring (serum levels and check liver), steady state in 2 weeks. Resistance in border collies sometimes (not US)Gabapentinnot effective by itself, sometimes used for cluster seizuresFelbamateRisk of hepatotoxicity, myelosuppression, KCS, tremors, especially at high doses not used in catsPotassium BromideNot used often, slow to reach steady state. First line or add on. Causes sedation, ataxia, no hepatotoxicity, causes pulmonary toxicity in cats. If causes GI upset in dogs, can switch to another formulationLevetiracetamMost frequent phenobarb alternative, 100% bioavailable. Very safe in dogs and cats(sedation), has a TID dosingZonisamidesulfa drug with no sulfa side effects, drug of choice for MDR1 mutation dogsTrueT/F: Goal of seizure therapy is substantially increase time between seizures, decrease seizures in a cluster. Stopping all seizures not really possibleTrueT/F: Hypoallergenic diet, if dermatologic signs, and omega-3-fatty acids (high doses) can help seizure controlStatus Epilepticusseizure that won't end (over 5 min) --> risk hypoxia, hyperthermia, acidosis, loss of autoregulation TX: must terminate ALL seizure activityTrueT/F: Autonomic Nervous System includes the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systemT/F: