Ch 6 - Proteins

Protein
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Terms in this set (19)
Protein
A macromolecule that consists of one or more polypeptide chains.
Peptide bond
The planar -CO-NH- group that encompasses the
peptide bond between amino acid residues in a polypeptide.
primary structure of protein
The sequence of residues in a polymer.
secondary structure of protein
The local spatial arrangement of a polymer's backbone atoms without regard to the conformations of its substituent side chains. α helices and β sheets are common secondary structural elements of proteins.
tertiary structure of protein
The entire three-dimensional structure of a single-chain polymer, including that of its side chains
Quaternery structure of a protein
The spatial arrangement of a macromolecule's individual subunits.
Subunit
One of several polymer chains that make up a macromolecule
Prosthetic group (of a protein)
A cofactor that is permanently (often covalently) associated with an enzyme.
Disulfide bond
Strong chemical side bond that joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids to create one cystine, which joins together two polypeptide strands like rungs on a ladder.
Salt bridge (ion pair)
An electrostatic interaction between two ionic groups of opposite
charge.
Fibrous ProteinA protein that has only a secondary structure; generally insoluble; - A protein characterized by a stiff, elongated conformation, that tends to form fibers.Globular proteinA water-soluble protein characterized by a compact, highly folded structure.α-helixAn α-helix is a right-handed coil of amino-acid residues on a polypeptide chain, typically ranging between 4 and 40 residues. This coil is held together by hydrogen bonds between the oxygen of C=O on top coil and the hydrogen of N-H on the bottom coil.B-pleated sheetParallel conformation of B-sheetAntiparallel conformation of B-sheetβ pleated sheetconsist of beta strands (β-strands) connected laterally by at least two or three backbone hydrogen bonds, forming a generally twisted, pleated sheet.Coiled-coilstable, rodlike protein structure formed when two or more alpha helices twist around each other - An arrangement of polypeptide chains in which two α helices wind around each other"Native" structure (of a protein)The fully folded conformation of a macromolecule."Random coil" structure (of a denatured protein)A totally disordered and rapidly fluctuating polymer conformation