Chapter 2 Main Ideas and Review sheet

Emily grew up in Boston and is now attending college there. While walking to class, she often notices clusters of people smoking outside of office buildings. Which of the following sources would provide the most reliable information regarding the prevalence of smoking in Boston?
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Emily grew up in Boston and is now attending college there. While walking to class, she often notices clusters of people smoking outside of office buildings. Which of the following sources would provide the most reliable information regarding the prevalence of smoking in Boston?
A review of her professor's behavioral statistics study drawn from census data
Which term describes a research design in which neither the participant nor the experimenter observing the participant knows which participants were given an active substance and which were given a placebo?
Double-blind procedure
Random assignment is the procedure in which each participant's chance of being assigned to a group in an experiment is
equal
The consistency of a measure, including test-retest, interrater, inter-method, and internal consistency, is called
reliability
Noreen is a graduate student in psychology. She is designing a study regarding health care decision making among teenagers. Which of the following research participants can legally provide his or her own informed consent?
An 18-year-old male with HIV/AIDS
How frequently can scientists prove that their hypotheses are true?
never
According to your text, if you hold a belief you are likely to notice and remember instances that support your belief more than instances that contradict it. This difference in attention and memory is termed
conformation bias
Dr. Snape was skeptical after reading a study concluding that chocolate truffles reduced the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Therefore, he initiated a similar study to determine whether similar results could be achieved. Dr. Snapeʼs study would be termed a
replication
A newspaper headline states, "Autism spectrum disorder correlation to wealth affirmed." Researchers found that affluent youngsters were almost twice as likely as the poorest children in the study to have autism spectrum disorder. This indicate
a positive correlation
A limitation of the experimental method is that
participants know that they are in a research study and may vary their behavior accordingly.
Neuronal communication is a two-step process. In the second step, which takes place between two neurons, what does the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal of the first neuron signal?The release of neurotransmitters into the extracellular fluidOnce the "threshold" for an action potential is reached what is the sequence of events that occur? 1. Potassium channels are activated, and potassium ions move out of the neuron. 2. Sodium channels are activated, and sodium ions move into the neuron. 3. The interior of the neuron becomes more negatively charged than the exterior. 4. The interior of the neuron becomes more positively charged than the exterior.2413Damage to the midbrain would most likely result inchanges in pain perceptionWhich of the following is an accurate match between a division of the autonomic nervous system and a bodily function or state?Parasympathetic; stimulates digestionIn a meeting with her psychology professor, Steph reports having a hard time staying awake during lectures and sometimes experiencing the feeling of uncontrollably falling asleep while sitting at a desk. Steph's sleepiness may be due to the cells firing slowly in thereticular formationThe idea that a person's dominant hemisphere influences their creativity or ability to think logically isa popular myth about lateralization.In hopes of better understanding how glia affect brain repair, Dr. Jennings develops a special mouse lacking specific types of glia. In her experimental design, Dr. Jennings injures the brain of this special mouse and monitors neuronal repair. What is Dr. Jennings likely to observeCell debris from damaged neurons is not cleared.The two major divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are:autonomic and somaticA spinal reflex, such as jerking your hand away from a hot surfacedoes not involve any input from the brain.