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Exam 2 - Case Practice Questions

Terms in this set (34)

Lumbosacral syndrome
A 3 year old MN mix breed dog presents with paralysis of the hind limbs, negative patellar reflex, and does not try to maintain balance during a hopping test on pelvic limbs. You squeeze the bladder and urine comes out. Where is this lesion localized to?
Thoracolumbar syndrome
A 3 year MN old mix breed dog presents with paresis of the hind limbs, 3+ patellar reflex, and does not try to maintain balance during a hopping test on pelvic limbs. You squeeze the bladder and nothing comes out. Where is this lesion localized to?
Cervicothoracic syndrome
A 3 year old FS mix breed dog presents with ataxia. On all 4 paws the dog does not flip his paw back over. Patellar reflex is +3, biceps reflex is negative. PLR is normal. Where is this lesion localized to?
Cervical syndrome
A 3 year old FS mix breed dog presents with ataxia. On all 4 paws the dog does not flip his paw back over. Patellar reflex is 3+, biceps reflex is 3+. PLR is normal. Where is this lesion localized to?
Pontomedullary syndrome
A 3 year old FS mix breed dog presents with paralysis on the left thoracic and pelvic limbs. Patellar reflex is 3+, biceps reflex is 3+. Palpebral reflex is not intact. Where is the ipsilateral lesion localized to?
Midbrain syndrome
A 3 year old MN mix breed dog presents with severe depression and increased respiratory rate. Paresis on the left thoracic and pelvic limbs. Patellar reflex is 3+, biceps reflex is 3+. Abnormal PLR response. Where is the contralateral lesion localized to?
Hypothalamic syndrome
A 3 year old FS mix breed dog presents with decreased appetite and per owner is "acting different". Temperature is 99.2 F. Exam is normal, no ataxia, only PLR is abnormal. Where is the lesion located?
Peripheral Vestibular Syndrome
A 3 year old FS DSH presents with constant rotary nystagmus and a head tilt. You check the ears for infection because you suspect the lesion to be:
Central Vestibular Syndrome
A 3 year old MN DSH presents with loss of balance and head tilt. Upon exam you find that if you put the cat upside down, it has vertical nystagmus. It also fails the tabletop placement test and palpebral response. What do you suspect?
Cerebellar syndrome
A 3 year old MN DSH presents with loss of balance, with ataxia and a broad stance, and head tilt. Upon exam you find that if you put the cat upside down, it has vertical nystagmus. You think this is something vestibular. It also fails the tabletop placement test and menace test. Where is this lesion localized to?
Idiopathic Vestibular Disease
A 3 year old MN mixed breed dog is brought in for acute onset of head tilt, rolling/unable to stay standing, and horizontal nystagmus. What can cause this lights on/lights off syndrome?
Paroxysmal Dyskinesia
A 3 year old MN mixed breed dog is brought in for severe, debilitating muscle cramps. Owner said this has happened before, but the dog was fine after. You know this dogs consciousness is not impaired because you know this is
Cerebral syndrome
A 3 year old FS mixed breed dog presents with a head turn. She is constantly pacing in these big circles while in the exam room. Where do you think his lesion is?
Masticatory Myositis
A 5 year old FS golden is brought in for decreased appetite. At exam you note swelling on the head. You send the dog home on steroids because you believe this is
Feline Hypokalemic polymyopathy
A 3 year old FS DMH is presenting for weakness and ventroflexion of the neck. You run bloodwork because you want to r/o or confirm
Myasthenia Gravis
You have a MN 3 year old mixed breed dog that is presenting for general weakness. Patellar, biceps, and all the other reflexes are normal. Owner notes he seems better in the mornings. You are concerned this may be
Traumatic Neuropathy
Owner brings in the 4 year old MN lab after he jumped off the deck. He is all of a sudden non-weight bearing on his right hind limb. Patellar reflex and extensor postural reaction is negative. You tell the owner we will wait 4-6 weeks and after that we may have to amputate that right rear leg. What is this a case of?
Facial Nerve Paralysis
You have a MN 3 year old mixed breed dog that is presenting for one side of his face is drooping. You tell the owner this is idiopathic and most likely will not resolve because this is a case of
Infectious polyradiculoneuritis
You have a litter of puppies brought in unable to use their rear legs, the pelvic limbs are sticking straight out. You suspect a protozoal infection causing __________
IVDD - Type I
You have a MN 3 year old lab mix brought in with acute onset severe neck pain. Owner asks for steroids. You say no because you are concerned about
IVDD - Type II
You have a MN 3 year old mixed breed dog brought in with neck pain that has been progressing over the last 1-2 months. He was brought in today because now he has instability of his hind end. You think this may be
Diskospondylitis
You have a FS lab mix bright in for possible abdominal pain. You do a full neuro exam, everything is normal. You take rads just in case this may be
Atlantoaxial Subluxation
You have a FS yorkie presenting for hind end paresis. She yelps when you pick her up by her abdomen. What might be causing this pain?
Cervical Spondylomyelopathy
A 3 year old mixed breed dog presents for ataxia and signs of pain. You note the ataxia is in the pelvic limb and the dog is wide base crouching. What is a ddx?
Cauda Equina Syndrome
A 3 year old FS German Shepard mix presents with urinary incontinence and pelvic limb weakness. Patellar reflex is 3+, she failed the cranial tibial reflex and extensor postural reaction. She is also unable to wag her tail. What might this be?
Degenerative Myelopathy
A 3 year old FS German Shepard mix presents with progressive ataxia of the hind limb. Absent patellar reflex. Pain is still intact. What could this be?
Canine Distemper Encephalitis
You have a newly adopted 2 year old mix breed dog presenting with ataxia, head tilt, and broad stance. Exam shows inducible nystagmus, menace deficit, normal PLR, abnormal hopping test, and hyperkeratosis of food pads. You are concerned this is:
Steroid-responsive meningitis arteritis (SRMA)
You have a 10 month old mastiff mix puppy with ataxia and signs of pain. Owner notes when their general practice vet sent home pred last month that helped, but after the 2 weeks were done the puppy got stiff again. You ask if bloodwork was ever run because you worry about
Fungal Meningoencephalitis
You have a 3 year old FS mix breed dog that presents for acute reluctance to walk and seizures. You do a full exam and note on the fundic exam there are plagues in the eye. This is consistent with
Meningoencephalitis of Unknown Etiology
You have a 1 year old FS yorkie mix presenting with acute circling, head tilt, and head pressing. You want to do a CSF tap because your ddx is:
Stroke
You have a 3 year old FS mix breed dog that presents for sudden a head tilt, circling, loss of balance, and nystagmus. Owner rushed them to you at the ER. You keep them on observation over night and the next day the dog is acting normal. You tell the owner you think this was ______________, and there is a possibility this episode may happen again
Chiari-like Malformation
You have a 5 year old MN Cavalier King Charles Spaniels that is itching his face, screaming in pain when you tough him, and absent reflexes in the front limbs. This is probably:
Metabolic Encephalopathies
You have a 10 year old DSH with recurrent neurological signs. BW shows azotemia. This is an example of
Dysautonomia
You have a 3 year old FS mix breed dog that presents for vomiting and ADR. Exam shows mydriasis, absent PLR, an expressible bladder, and crusting inside the nostrils. HR and RR are normal. You want to run some extra tests because you fear this may be
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