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Reproduction Vocabulary

Terms in this set (42)

oogenesis
the production, growth, and maturation of an egg, or ovum
regeneration
The ability to regrow a missing part of the body
vascular tissue
xylem and phloem, tubes that carry food and water in plants
filament
stalk of stamen that holds up the anther
phloem
The vascular tissue through which food moves in some plants
stamen
Male reproductive part of the flower
xylem
vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant
binary fission
A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size
budding
Asexual reproduction in which a part of the parent organism pinches off and forms a new organism
reproduction
the process of producing offspring
sexual reproduction
type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form a unique offspring
asexual reproduction
A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
Hormone
Chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another
Endocrine Gland
a ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream
Target Cell
cell that has a receptor for a particular hormone
Negative feedback
A type of regulation that responds to a change in conditions by initiating responses that will affect the change. (works like a thermostat)
pituitary gland
Very important glad; the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. (governed by the hypothalamus)
hypothalamus
A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward.
Testosterone
male hormone produced by the testes
Estrogen
Female hormone produced by the ovaries
Egg
Female sex cell (gamete) produced by ovaries
sperm
Male sex cell (gamete) produced by testes
Fertilization
Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
gymnosperm
vascular seed plant whose seeds are not enclosed by an ovary or fruit; seeds are usually in cones
angiosperm
a flowering plant that produces seeds within a fruit; flowering plants
pollination
transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the female reproductive structure
ovule
female reproductive structure of a seed plant where the egg develops
Auxin
A plant hormone that speeds up the rate of growth of plant cells
cone
The reproductive structure of a gymnosperm.
fruit
The ripened ovary and other structures of an angiosperm that enclose one or more seeds.
seed
plant embryo and a food supply encased in a protective covering
anther
the part of a stamen that contains the pollen.
Sperm
Male sex cell
Diploid
(genetics) an organism or cell having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number
Embryo
the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month
Gamete
sex cell
Haploid
(genetics) an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes
Meiosis
Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms
Nondisjunction
Failure of homologous chromosomes or daughter chromosomes to separate during meiosis I and meiosis II, respectively.
Spermatogenesis
the production of sperm cells
spores
Asexual reproductive or resting cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, in contrast to a gamete
Zygote
fertilized egg
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