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Nursing 1- Communication

Terms in this set (52)

Intrapersonal
occurs within individual "self talk"
Interpersonal
one-to-one interaction between the nurse and patient, most frequently used
Transpersonal
interaction that occurs within a person's spiritual domain, "prayer, meditation"
Referent
motivates one person to communicate with another
Sender
a person who encodes or delivers the message
Receiver
person who decodes the message
Messages
content of communication
Channels
means of conveying and receiving the message through the senses ex. verbal, non-verbal (giving husband the look when he leaves the towel on the floor) kinetic (showing someone how to put a Foley catheter, visual (giving finger to other driver on the road)
Feedback
indicates whether the receiver understood the meaning of the sender's message, most important for accuracy
Interpersonal variables
factors within both the sender and the receiver that influence communication ex. giving patient a board to write the message he/she wants to give
Environment
setting for sender-receiver interaction ex. telling family that patient died in the operating room, go to a private room
Verbal communication
code that conveys specific meaning through the combination of words ex. do not talk to patient using medical term, use a common language. Be culturally sensitive
Non-verbal communication
your posture and gait, eye contact (be sensitive to other cultures), facial expressions (very important) it has to be congruent sounds (moan, cry), space invaders (talking right into your face)
Connotative meaning
Interpretation of a word's meaning influenced by the thoughts and feelings that people have about the word
Types of communication- Symbolic communication
is the verbal and nonverbal symbolism used by others to convey meaning such as art and music
Types of communication- Metacommunication
refers to all factors that influence all communication
Four zones of space:
-Intimate- 0-18 inches
-Personal- 18inches-4feet
-Social- 9-12feet
-Public- 12feet and more
Four zones of touch:
-Social- permission not needed
-Consent- special care needed
-Intimate-great sensitivity needed
-Vulnerable
Autonomy
is being self-directed and independent in accomplishing goals and advocating for others
Therapeutic communication technique- Active listening
being attentive to what the patient is saying both verbally and non-verbally ex. sit facing the patient, observe an open posture, lean toward the patient, establish and maintain intermittent eye contact, relax
Therapeutic communication technique- Sharing observations
helps the patient communicate without the need for extensive questioning ex. "you look tired" or "you seem different today"
Therapeutic communication technique- Sharing empathy
ability to understand and except others person's reality and communicate this understanding to others ex. "It must be hard to lose a breast".
Therapeutic communication technique- Sharing hope
"Sense a possibility". Finds a positive without giving false hope.
Therapeutic communication technique- Sharing Humor
Coping strategy to adjust to stress ex. Provide emotional support and humanize the illness experience.
Therapeutic communication technique- Sharing Feelings
Subjective feelings that result from one's thoughts and perceptions it could be positive or negative. ex. "They are just are... unpleasant/pleasant". Emotions are put on you by the patient, don't take it personally. Verbalize your feelings.
Therapeutic communication technique- Using touch
Most potent form of communication ex. Conveys message of support, encouragement, tenderness and personal attention.
Therapeutic communication technique- Using silence
Useful when people are confronted with decisions that require much thought ex. Promotes a patient to talk.
Therapeutic communication technique- Providing information
Patients have the right to know about their health status and what is happening in their environment.
Therapeutic communication technique- Clarifying
Restating an unclear or ambiguous message ex. "I'm not sure I understand... are you saying this".
Therapeutic communication technique- Focusing
used to center on key elements or concepts of the message ex. Drawing on key details such as medication, side effects, treatment, etc
Therapeutic communication technique- Paraphrasing
Restating another's message more briefly using own words.
Therapeutic communication technique- Asking relevant questions
Seeking information needed for decision making.
Therapeutic communication technique- Summarizing
Concise review of key aspects of an interaction
Therapeutic communication technique- Self disclosure
Subjectively true, personal experiences about that are intentionally reveled to another
Therapeutic communication technique- Confrontation
helping the patient become aware of inconsistencies in his or her feelings, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors
Non-therapeutic communication technique- Asking personal question
not necessary, seem nosy ex. why don't you and John get married"
Non-therapeutic communication technique- Giving personal opinions
If i were you... takes the decisions away from the patient creates doubt in their own decision. ex. "If i were you, I'd put your mother in a nursing home".
Non-therapeutic communication technique- Changing the subject
Just plain rude and things can get missed when your "train of thought is lost". ex. "Let's not talk about your problems with the same insurance company. It is time for your walk".
Non-therapeutic communication technique- Autonomic responses
Stereotyping patients communicate that you are not taking concerns seriously. ex. "older adults are always confused".
Non-therapeutic communication technique- False reassurance
"false hope". "Don't worry, everything will be alright".
Non-therapeutic communication technique- Sympathy
Concern, sorrow, or pity for your patient events a clear perspective and problem solving of the situation, it's nice but not therapeutic. ex. "I'm so sorry about your mastectomy; it must be terrible to lose a breast".
Non-therapeutic communication technique- Asking for explanation
WHY. "Why are you so anxious"
Non-therapeutic communication technique- Approval or disapproval
Giving your opinions judgemental responses. ex. "you shouldn't even think about assisted suicide; it is not right".
Non-therapeutic communication technique- Defensive responses
says to the patient that they do not have the right to an opinion. "no one here would intentionally lie to you".
Non-therapeutic communication technique- Passive responses
"things are bad and there's nothing I can do about it"
Non-therapeutic communication technique- Arguing
Challenges the patient implies that the patient is lying, misinformed or uneducated. ex. "How can you say you didn't sleep a wink? You were snoring all night long".
Communication techniques to use with the patients with special needs- Cannot speak clearly
Listen attentively, do no interrupt, ask simple questions, allow time, use visual cues, do not shout, use communication aids.
Communication techniques to use with patients with special needs- instinctively impaired
Use simple sentences, ask one question at a time and allow for the patient to respond, be an attentive listener, and include family and friends.
Communication techniques to use with patients with special needs- Hearing impaired
Check for hearing aids, reduce environmental noise, get patient's attention, face the patient, do not chew gum, speak in a normal voice, rephrase, provide language
Communication techniques to use with patients with special needs- Visually impaired
Check for gasses, identify yourself, speak in normal tone and do not rely on gestures or nonverbal communication use indirect lighting, use 14 font prints.
Communication techniques to use with patients with special needs- Unresponsive
Call the patient by name, verbally, and by touch; speak to the patient as though the patient can hear; explain all procedures; provide orientation.
Communication techniques to use with patients with special needs- Does not speak English
Speak to the patient in a normal tone, establish a method to signal the desire to communicate, provide an interpreter, avoid using family members, develop communication aid.
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