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The Odyssey and The Iliad test

Terms in this set (20)

Traditional author and time of composition
- Homer

- Trojan war happened late in the bronze age, around the 13th or 12th century AD

- Homer wrote these around the 10th or 9th century, 2 or 3 centuries later than the actual war
The historical trojan war
...
Possible connections to the Bronze Age Collapse and the Sea Peoples
- Yes/possibly

- Because the sea people seem to be greek-ish in nature

- Possibly the trojan war caused lots of devastation and destruction and lead to the displacement of many east Greeks
Cause, course, and consequences of the Trojan War, according to literature and legends (not history)
- Helen was taken from minnelaeus by paris to troy

- Helen - the face who launched a thousand ships

- Trojan horse - the greeks left a giant horse as a "gift" when they "left" but there were people inside the horse and they let the greeks in and took over the city

- Troy is gone
Mycenaean Greece
- The term used to describe the civilization of Greece in the late Bronze Age

- It was not a single kingdom but multiple city states.
Probable uses of epic poems in festivals
- Entertainment

- Meant to be heard
THE ILIAD : Opening controversy
- Priest of apollo has asked agamemnon to give the priest's daughter back to him and agamemnon tells the priest to pray to apollo

-Priest prays and apollo starts killing people

-The opening argument is between achilles and agamemnon with achilles telling agamemnon to give the girl back to her father

-Agamemnon gives the girl back and then takes achilles' prize girl

-Achilles pouts in his tent for most of the rest of the story
Roles and character of the Greek gods
- They interfere a lot and mess with the fighting a lot

- Athena saves Paris in a one on one fight against minnelaeus
- Athena also makes hector lose the fight against Achilles
Human characters: Achilles, Agamemnon, Priam, Hector, Helen, Paris, Patroclus
- Achilles- Great warrior of the Mycenean/west Greeks

-Agamemnon - king of Mycenae

Priam - the king of troy - the father of hector and Paris

Hector - the prince of troy - the great fighter of troy

Helen - girl that was stolen from Menelaus

Paris - took Helen with him to troy

Patroclus - Achilles' cousin who was killed in battle when people thought he was Achilles
Status and role of women
Women are not as high status as men and are kind of traded around like prizes in the story. human women don't have any influence whereas goddesses have a lot of power and influence
Champion duels
- The duel between Menelaus and paris - interrupted by a goddess

- Hector takes down Patroclus

- Achilles defeats hector with help from a goddess
Hector and the early advantage to the Trojans
...
Final duel between Achilles and Hector
- Athena wants Achilles to win the duel between hector and Achilles. with some help from Athena Achilles wins after Hector trips on a rock
How the book ends and its significance
Achilles doesn't want to honor the body by giving it back to the family. He kept it and let it rot and get pecked at by animals. He is completely dishonoring him. At one point he pulled the body behind his wagon around the city
Overall themes and analysis
- Intervention of gods and goddesses
- The importance of heroes over most other things that are important in war
- The tragedy of the destruction of troy
- Rage, anger, and pettiness
The Odyssey : Penelope and the suitors
- Penelope has not found a new husband after odysseus
- Suitors are constantly at the palace, asking to marry her
- Penelope didn't choose one to marry or refuse any one of them
- Penelope didn't choose one because she had hope odysseus would come back
- Penelope didn't refuse any because they might kill her
How Odysseus helped end the Trojan War
He came up with the idea for the wooden horse
Odysseus and his troubles: Poseidon, cyclops, sirens, Circe, Scylla and Charibdis, and the thirsty sea nymph Calypso
- Odysseus was held by calypso for seven years, then he gets away
-Odysseus washes up on the shores of some kingdom
- He tells them the story of his travels and all the different problems that poseidon forced him to go through to try to get home
Slaying of the suitors
- Odysseus comes back and proves himself worthy by shooting an arrow through the holes of 20 axes
- Odysseus then kills the suitors
Reunification of Penelope and Odysseus
Penelope doesn't believe that that old beggar (Odysseus ) is her husband. And so he tells her how he was the one that built their house and their bedroom with his own hands.
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