Ch 24

Term
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Essential nutrient
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Terms in this set (38)
Essential nutrient
Necessary from diet/vitamin C & A
Nonessential nutrient
Body produces as needed/vitamin D
Carbohydrates
the starches and sugars present in foods
Carbohydrate source
Sugars, starch & fiber
Monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, galactose
Disaccharide
consists of two monosaccharides joined/sucrose,(syrup) lactose(milk sugar) & maltose(cereal)
Polysaccharides
many sugars/starch(beans) glycogen & fiber(cellulose)
cellular respiration
Breakdown of carbohydrates to make energy
4 stages of cellular respiration
Glycolysis, transform of pyruvate into CoA, krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation
Complete proteins
has all essential amino acids and generally animal proteins
Incomplete proteinsDoesnt have all essential amino acids and plant proteinsGluconeogenesis occurs in the liver due to the action of ________.Low glucoseTriglyceridesan energy-rich compound made up of glycerol and fatty acid.Cholesterol comes fromdiet or metabolic pathway in liverPrecursor hormone for steroid hormones bile salts vitamin DCholesterolProduction of RBCs/fatigue/dig prob/almondsVitamin b2Synthesis of NAD/cracked skin/dementia/meat fishVitamin b3DNA & protein synthesis/poor growth/gingivitis/liverFolic acidsaturated fatsSolid at room temp/contain no double bondsUnsaturated fatsLiquid at room temp/contain double bondspostabsorptive statefasting state, food has been stored, glycogen is broken down/blood sugar declinewater soluble vitaminsVitamins B and C/easily absorbed into blood from d tractFat soluble vitaminsVitamins A, D, E, Kabsorptive stateFed State 4 hours/occurs after meal/absorbs nutrients/blood sugar riseaerobic respirationRequires oxygen/pyruvate enters mito & cont to be broken down/CO waste productMetabolic pathway of glycolysisIn cytoplasm/inputs glucose & energy/outputs atp nadh & pyruvate/broken 2 moleculesTransformation of pyruvate into acetylPyruvate travels from cytoplasm to mito matrix/inputs pyruvate/outputs CO2 nadh acetyl coa/py into acetyl coa, nadh produced & CO as waste productanaerobic respirationOxygen absent/pyruvate converts to lactic acidoxidative phosphorylationIn inner mito membrane/input electrons & oxygen/outputs atp & h2o/electrons nadh & fadh2 make big amounts atp. Oxygen is final acceptor & combines electrons, hydrogen to make waterChylimicronsPhospholipid vesicle with triglycerides & cholesterol/used for transport of tri & chol/allows fat to move within aqueousglucogenesisHappens in liver during low sugar/formation of glucose from pyruvate lactate glycerol & amino acidsLipolysisbreakdown of fat/fatty acid converted to acetyl coa & used for atp produceCatabolismbreaking down big to small molecules/energy releasedAnabolismJoining of smaller to big molecules/require energyLipo genesisExcess acetyl coa converts to fatty acid/method to store body fatKetogenesisIf excess acetyl coa/converts to ketone bodiesDeaminationthe removal of ammonium from an amino acidurea cycleamino acid is converted to an ammonium ion/eliminated through kidneys