CardioP - Chapter 4 - 23 questions

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air?

0.228 mm Hg

159 mm Hg

47 mm Hg

149 mm Hg
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Terms in this set (23)
What is the partial pressure of oxygen in atmospheric air?

0.228 mm Hg

159 mm Hg

47 mm Hg

149 mm Hg
159 mm Hg
What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in atmospheric air?

0.228 mm Hg

159 mm Hg

47 mm Hg

149 mm Hg
0.228 mm Hg
What is the partial pressure of water vapor at 37°C and 100% relative humidity (RH)?

0.228 mm Hg

159 mm Hg

47 mm Hg

149 mm Hg
47 mm Hg
What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the lung's airways?

0.228 mm Hg

159 mm Hg

47 mm Hg

149 mm Hg
149 mm Hg
VE is the product of which of the following parameters?

VT and VC

VD and f

VT and f

VD and VT
VT and f
Which of the following terms defines the conducting airways from the mouth and nose down to and including terminal bronchioles?

Physiological dead space

Anatomical dead space

Anatomical tidal volume

Gas exchange units
Anatomical dead space
Which of the following are characteristics of the anatomical dead space?

I. It changes when a part of a lung is surgically removed.

II. It increases when an artificial airway bypasses the upper airway.

III. It increases during deep inspiration.

IV. It increases with emphysema.

I, IV
II, III, IV
I, II, III, IV
II, IV
I, II, III, IV
What is the approximate amount of anatomical dead space in normal adults?

1 mL/pound IBW

2 mL/pound IBW

3 mL/pound IBW

4 mL/pound IBW
1 mL/pound IBW
Which technique allows a more precise measurement of VDanat?

Dubowitz

Ballard's

Boyle's

Fowler
Fowler
Which of the following gases is utilized in the measurement of VDanat?

Carbon dioxide

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Carbogen
Nitrogen
Which of the following determine the PCO2 of alveolar gas and thus the PCO2 of the blood leaving the lung? I. Metabolic CO2 production per minute II. VA III. CO2 rate of elimination IV. pH I, II, III II, III I, II, III, IV II, III, IVI, II, IIIWhich of the following terms describes the rise in PaCO2 above normal? Normal ventilation Hypocapnia Hypercapnia AcidosisHypercapniaIf a VA of 5 L/min produces a PACO2 of 40 mm Hg, a VA of 10 L/min will produce what level of PACO2? 80 mm Hg 40 mm Hg 20 mm Hg 10 mm Hg20 mm HgWhat is the amount of CO2 produced under normal resting conditions? 50 mL 100 mL 150 mL 200 mL200 mLNormally, approximately what percentage of the inspired VT remains in conducting airways, never reaching alveoli? 5% to 10% 15% to 20% 20% to 30% 30% to 40%30% to 40%Normally, approximately what percentage of the VE is dead-space ventilation? 5% to 10% 15% to 20% 20% to 30% 30% to 40%30% to 40%If a patient has a tidal volume of 450 mL, what is the approximate alveolar volume? 100 mL 150 mL 200 mL 300 mL300 mLWhat happens to anatomical dead space if a patient is mechanically ventilated through a tracheostomy tube? It is reduced. It is increased. It is unchanged if the cuff is inflated. It is unchanged if fenestration has been done.It is reduced.A 55-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital in obvious respiratory distress. Her increased rate and depth of breathing have raised her minute ventilation from 10 to 15 L/min. Arterial blood gases show a normal PaCO2 of 40 mm Hg. It seems odd that this woman, with a minute ventilation this great, has a normal PaCO2. What is the explanation for this? There is an increase in alveolar ventilation. This change in minute ventilation has little impact on the PaCO2; therefore, PaCO2 is normal. This patient's dead space has decreased. A normal PaCO2 associated with high minute ventilation indicates that much of this patient's ventilation is not in contact with blood flow. CorrectA normal PaCO2 associated with high minute ventilation indicates that much of this patient's ventilation is not in contact with blood flow. CorrectThe end-tidal PCO2 is a reflection of which of the following? Mixed-expired PCO2 Mixed-inspired PCO2 Alveolar gas composition Arterial gas compositionAlveolar gas compositionWhich of the following breathing patterns is a common signal of respiratory distress and possible ventilatory failure? Rapid, shallow breathing Tachypnea Bradypnea DyspneaRapid, shallow breathingWhich of the following breathing patterns is the most efficient in improving alveolar ventilation? Rapid, shallow breathing Rapid, deep breathing Slow, deep breathing Slow, shallow breathingSlow, deep breathingGas exchange can be maintained with tidal volumes smaller than dead space and high frequencies. What type of ventilation can accomplish this? Rapid, shallow, spontaneous breathing High-frequency ventilation Hyperventilation Dead space ventilationHigh-frequency ventilation