Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

Psychology Exam 2 Material

Terms in this set (39)

The first cell of new life, which is created from the union of the sperm and the egg
zygote
An enduring emotional connection is called
attachment
Monique has noticed some hair growing on her armpits and that she is accumulating fat on her hips. These changes Monique is experiencing are most likely related to.
puberty
The period between the end of physical growth and the completed transition to stable adult relationships and work patterns known as.
emerging adulthood
Bailey, a child plays with her toys while her father is nearby. Her father leaves and Bailey has no reaction, when he returns, she shows no interest. Bailey is demonstrating a(n) (blank) attachment to her father.
insecure/avoidant
Wally is happily riding the seesaw when he realizes that his mother is gone. He looks around for her growing mildly distress, eventually he finds her and is now assured his mother is still nearby. Wally appears to have a(n) (blank) attachment to his mother.
secure
Holden has been described as having insecure/ambivalent attachment to his parents. What behavior would you expect when his parents leave and return ?
Holden will both seek and reject his parents
When you refer to a person as being a woman, you are most likely referring to her physical characteristics that are determined by and XY chromosomal patterns; You are specifically mentioning this person's (blank)
sex
Anika was born with female physical characteristics and her personal sense of identity is female. Chris was born with male physical characteristics but has a personal sense of identity that is female. Which statement describing Anika and Chris are accurate ?
Anika is cisgender, and Chris is transgender
Which of the following statements most accurately describes differences in sex and gender?
Gender and sex both exist on continuums, and not as binary either/or) distinctions
Which of the follow lists the periods of human development in the correct order?
infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood
The (blank) area of development relates to how we think, reason, and communicate.
cognitive
Luis, who is 11 months old, watches as his mother goes in and out the room. Luis does not get upset when his mother leaves and knows that she is still in the house even if he cannot see her. Luis is demonstrating what ?
object permanence
Nicholas is a researcher who studies infants and he wants to use the strange-situation test in his work. Nicholas is most likely interested in seeing
how infants respond to separation and reunion with their caregivers
Darryl thinks that playing peek-a-boo is hilarious! He does not know where his mom goes during the game, but it excites him when he sees her face again. Darryl is most likely in Piaget's ________ stage of development.
sensorimotor
Which of the following is associated with development of sexually mature reproductive organs and genitals
primary sex characteristics
Which of the following life periods makes up most of our life span ?
adulthood
The minimum amount of change required for a person to detect a difference between two stimuli is referred to as
the difference threshold
When sensory receptors change physical stimuli into signals that the brain can understand, this is called
transduction
Which of the following detects temperature and then sends information about the temperature to the brain?
warm and cold receptors
The area where the optic nerve leaves the retina is referred to as the
blind spot
The ________ is a thin inner surface behind the eyeball that contains sensory receptors.
retina
When Danni was standing directly in front of a door, it appeared rectangular, with right angles at each corner. When the door was opened part way, the door appeared to Danni to change shape, with some of the corners appearing as sharper angles and other corners appearing wider. However, Danni knew that the door had not actually changed shape because of
shape constancy
The ________ sense aids balance by judging the direction and intensity of head movements.
vestibular
Structures on the tongue that contain groupings of taste buds are called
papillae
The ________ is a thin layer of tissue in the nasal cavity containing olfactory receptors.
epithelium
Loud sounds can damage hearing because _______, which can damage hair cells in the basilar membrane.
they produce sound waves with greater amplitude
The sense organs' detection of external physical stimuli is called __________, whereas further processing, organizing, and interpreting of those stimuli in the brain is called ___________.
sensation; perception
A main finding of Ivan Pavlov's research is that neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus
after pairing it with stimulus that triggers an instinctive response
the use of operant conditioning techniques to eliminate unwanted behavior is called
behavior modification
Jonathon is traveling to Italy, and his motto for his trip is, "When in Rome, do as the Romans do!" This phrase suggests that Jonathon is most likely to learn how to behave in Rome based on
observational learning
Two-year-old Ciara learns that whenever she hits her older brother, her mother will place her in time-out. Ciara therefore understands that a behavior leads to a certain outcome, which is a type of associative learning called
operant conditioning
Who is considered the founder of behaviorism
John Watson
If Pavlov repeatedly presented the conditioned stimulus (the metronome) without the unconditioned stimulus (the food), the dogs would stop salivating to the sound of the metronome. In classical conditioning, this process is called
extinction
Shanna wants to design a study to explore how classical conditioning works. Before beginning her own study, it would be most helpful for Shanna to read about the research of
Ivan Pavlov
Reinforcement that comes after a predetermined amount of time is delivered on a
fixed interval
In operant conditioning, removing a stimulus to increase a behavior in the future is called
negative reinforcement
Tamara has been taking piano lessons, and after three weeks of practicing, she is now able to play the piano with both hands at the same time. This change in her behavior based on her experiences represents the process of
learning
A primary method of learning prosocial behaviors in young children is through
observational learning
Other sets by this creator