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IB SEHS 4.2.2 Types of muscle contraction

Terms in this set (12)

Name the 5 types of muscle contraction
Isotonic, isometric, isokinetic, concentric, eccentric
What is Concentric contraction?
Explain in terms of overcoming resistance and length of muscle. Give a simple example.
In concentric contraction: the force generated is sufficient to overcome the resistance and the muscle shortens as it contracts.
e.g. lifting a weight.
What is Eccentric contraction?
Explain in terms of overcoming resistance and length of muscle. Give a simple example.
In eccentric contraction: the force generated is insufficient to overcome the external load on the muscle and the muscle fibres lengthen as they contract.
e.g. lowering a load that would otherwise fall quickly.
State what remains constant in each of the 3 key types of muscle contraction.
Isotonic: constant tension.
Isokinetic: constant speed
Isometric: constant distance i.e. staying still.
What is Isotonic contraction?
Give an example.
> fixed weight i.e. constant tension
> muscle changes length (longer or shorter) to provide movement in joints.
> e.g. lifting or lower a weight.
What is Isometric contraction?
Give an example.
>Initial contraction but then muscle length remains constant.
> Muscle force balances resistance and no joint movement occurs.
> e.g. yoga or carrying a bag of shopping.
What is Isokinetic contraction?
Muscle length contracts at a constant speed - needs specialist machinery - rare in everyday life.
Explain the concept of reciprocal inhibition
> When an agonist contracts to move a body segment, the antagonist relaxes or contracts eccentrically.
Eg bicep contracts while triceps relaxes. The two muscles work together as an antagonistic pair.
If a muscle contracts eccentrically is it agonistic or antagonistic?
Antagonistic.
Eccentric contractions means the muscle is slowly lengthening but is still working against the agonistic muscle.
Explain DOMS with reference to eccentric and concentric muscle contractions
> Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness is
> The pain and stiffness felt in muscles several hours or days after unaccustomed or strenuous exercise.
> Brought on by eccentric contractions of the muscle causing pressure at the nerve endings.
Exam Question: Which type of muscle contraction would be used predominantly by a gymnast who is performing a handstand?
A. Isometric
B. Isotonic
C. Concentric
D. Eccentric
...
Exam Question: Distinguish between concentric and isometric muscle contractions.
isometric
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