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All Biology's Quiz Questions

Terms in this set (56)

Give a one-sentence definition of science. (Lab 1)
Knowledge about the world and that it's based on facts learned through experiments and observation.
What is inquiry? (Lab 1)
The search for information.
What is the role of data for scientific inquiry? (Lab 1)
Recorded observations or items of information.
What is a hypothesis? (Lab 1)
An assumption, a testable/ potentially falsifiable statement.
What is a scientific theory? (Lab 1)
a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations.
What is the difference between qualitative data and quantitative data? (Lab 1)
Qualitative is descriptions rather than measurements (words). Quantitative is numbers.
What is a unique characteristic of primary literature? (Lab 1)
Collect own data, original.
What is the mass, in grams, of 6.022 x 1023 particles of a molecule if each molecule is 58.44 Daltons? (Lab 2)
Multiply 6.022 x 10^23 = 3.519 x 10^25
What does concentration measure? (Lab 2)
The amount of substance in a given volume.
What is the difference between a basic unit of measurement and a derived measurement? (Lab 2)
A basic unit is one, straight measurement and derived is found by equations using basic units.
How many micro-liters are there in one milliliter? (Lab 2)
1,000
What does a micropipette measure? (Lab 2)
The volume of liquid.
Name three "don'ts" for using a micropipette. (Lab 2)
Don't use without a tip
Don't use the same pipette
Don't choose the incorrect pipette for the job
What does a spectrophotometer measure? (Lab 2)
The amount of light absorbed through a liquid sample.
What is the purpose of "blanking" a spectrophotometer? (Lab 2)
Take it before an absorption measurement of a sample at each new wavelength because the water and cuvette absorbs light, so it won't measure the water and cuvette.
What is a "cuvette?" (Lab 2)
A container used for holding liquid.
To make 10 mL of a 0.1 mM dye solution from a 1mM stock dye solution, you will mix ___mL of 1mM dye solution and ____mL of water. (lab 2)
1 mL and 9 mL
What is a solution? (Lab 3)
A liquid that is a completely homogenous mixture of two or more substances.
What characteristics improve the solubility of molecules in water? (Lab 3)
Molecules that have polar bonds are able to participate with the hydrogen bonding network. These characteristics increase the solubility of the molecule in water.
What characteristics decrease the solubility of molecules in water? (Lab 3)
Molecules with non-polar bonds can't participate in hydrogen bonding network, so it decreases the solubility of the molecule in water.
Define an acid and an organic acid. (Lab 3)
Acid is any substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution. Organic acids is an organic compound with acidic properties.
What does pH measure? (Lab 3)
How acidic or basic a solution is, the amount of free protons/ OH- ions.
MSG behaves as a buffer. What is a buffer? (Lab 3)
A substance that minimizes changes in the concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution.
If we are interested in understanding how MSG behaves as a buffer, what is the rationale for adding HCl to water in addition to the MSG solution? (Lab 3)
When HCl is added to the water and MSG solution, we test whether MSG is a buffer by seeing how it behaves. If the pH changes, then it isn't a buffer.
What membrane-bound compartments are found in a eukaryotic cell? (Lab 4)
Plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, smooth and rough ER, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and vesicles.
Describe the organization of the endomembrane system. (Lab 4)
A group of membranes and organelles in a eukaryotic cell that work to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins. Nuclear envelope, lysosomes, ER, golgi apparatus.
How do you fractionate cells to isolate microsomes? (Lab 4)
Using a centrifuge at 80,000 g for 60 minutes.
What are some major functions for cellular proteins? (Lab 4)
Proteins used for: storage, enzymes, hormones and transportation.
What biological molecules are found in membranes? (Lab 4)
phospholipids, glycolipids, and sterois
If you want to make 100 μl of a 1:2 dilution of a protein solution, how much protein solution and how much water will you use? (Lab 4)
50 uL water, 50 uL protein solution.
In today's laboratory exercises, what is the purpose of generating the protein standard curve? (Lab 4)
To plot assay data in order to determine concentration of a substance (protein).
What types of proteins will be in the "S" labeled microcentrifuge tubes and what types will be in the "M" labeled microcentrifuge tubes? (Lab 4)
M= membrane bound proteins
S= soluble proteins
What eukaryotic organelles are at the limit of resolution for a light microscope? (Lab 5)
The nucleus and mitochondria.
What are the typical sizes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? (Lab 5)
Prokaryotic= 0.1 to 5.0 micrometers in diameter.
Eukaryotic= 10 to 100 micrometers in diameter.
Order the following from smallest to largest size: typical eukaryotic cell, most bacteria, ribosomes, and viruses. (Lab 5)
Ribosomes, Viruses, most bacteria, and typical eukaryotic.
What are two differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell structure? (Lab 5)
Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryotic cells don't. The prokaryotic is smaller than the eukaryotic.
If the ocular lens of a light microscope is 10X and the objective lens is 40X, what is the total magnification of the image? (Lab 5)
400x magnification
Using the procedures outlined in the lab, how will you estimate the size of structures that you are observing? (Lab 5)
You'll use the microscope side with the millimeter scale and place it on the stage. Then, rotate the nosepiece of the microscope to view the scale through the 4x objective lens. Lastly, count the number of squares visible.
In today's lab, how will you provide contrast to the structures in the onion cells and cheek cells? (Lab 5)
You will add a drop of dilute methylene blue stain to a clean slide before applying the onion and cheek samples.
Where should slides with cheek cells on them be disposed? (Lab 5)
In the "sharps" collection container.
What purpose is there to weighing the potato discs in the experiment to understand the effect of dissolved materials on living cells? (Lab 5)
To see how much water entered or left the cell according to the high or low concentration of water outside the potato discs.
Which way will water move (to the left or right) across the membrane in the diagram below? (Lab 5)
It will move to the left (high concentration).
What is an enzyme? (Lab 6.1)
A chemical agent that increases the rate of reaction without being consumed by the reaction (a catalyst).
How does NAD+ differ from NADH? (Lab 6.1)
NAD+ can store 2 electrons and one hydrogen proton to become NADH. NADH represents stored energy.
What processes in metabolism generate NADH? (Lab 6.1)
In the cytosol by glycolysis and in the mitochondria by the tricarboxtlic acid (TCA) cycle.
Write the central dogma of biology and include a step that refers to enzyme activity. (Lab 6.1)
DNA is copied (replication); DNA information is placed into mRNA, created by RNA polymerase (transcription); proteins are synthesized using information from mRNA (translation).
If you make a 1:4 dilution of an 8 mM solution of malate, what is the final concentration of malate in the diluted solution? (Lab 6.1)
2 mM
Our experiment this week will test whether malate dehydrogenase is the enzyme that converts oxaloacetate to malate. The model for the experiment is shown below. If the model is correct, predict what will happen if NADH and oxaloacetate are mixed in the presence of the enzyme malate dehydrogenase (MDH). (Lab 6.1)
MDH reduces oxalocetate to malate and converts NADH to NAD+.
You will be given two containers and asked to identify which is the cuvette and which is the Eppendorf tube. (Lab 6.1)
Cuvette= square plastic
Eppendorf tube= round plastic with a cap
If the spectrophotometer were not useful for measuring the concentration of any of the substances in our experience, would the readings for a substrate at different concentrations be more or less similar to each other? (Lab 6.1)
More because the spectrometer isn't capable of measuring the difference.
Formulate a hypothesis describing the effect of increasing the amount of enzyme on the rate of the reaction catalyzed by MDH. (Lab 6.2)
More enzymes will equal a faster reaction rate. (more likely to bind to substrates)
Formulate a hypothesis describing the effect of heating the enzyme on the rate of the reaction catalyzed by MDH. (Lab 6.2)
Increased heat equals a fast reaction rate. (will denature enzyme (protein) after a certain threshold and will shut down to permanently changed shape.)
Formulate a hypothesis describing the effect of different pH conditions on the rate of the reaction catalyzed by MDH. (Lab 6.2)
Enzymes have a optimum pH level, going past that level can make the protein becoming denatured. Because the optimum pH level of MDH is close to 7, anything above or below will change its shape and reduce the reaction rate.
Formulate a hypothesis describing the effect of high concentration of product on the rate of the reaction catalyzed by MDH. (Lab 6.2)
Because the rate of reaction is the same as the concentration of the reactions, then a high concentration of a product will reduce the reaction rate.
Given what you know about how enzymes and substrates interact, state the reason for thoroughly mixing the enzyme when it is added. (Lab 6.2)
Mixing allows for maximum opportunity for substrates to bind with the enzyme.
In order to determine reaction rates, at what time intervals will you measure the absorbance of the reactions? (Lab 6.2)
Every 15 seconds for 3 minutes.
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