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Biology 1.4-1.20

Terms in this set (159)

Name one type of food does NOT contain unsaturated fatty acids?
Butter
What is the basic unit of structure and function of living things?
The cell
Which process gives rise to offspring?
Reproduction
All living things try to maintain a stable internal environment known as
Homeostasis
Which of the following are examples of homeostasis?
A person sweats to cool down while sitting outside in the sun, A bird fluffs its feathers to retain more heat on a cold day.
You are trying to determine if an object is a living thing or nonliving thing. Which characteristic(s) would you expect to observe if the object is a living thing?
The object grows and develops.
The object reproduces.
The object maintains homeostasis.
The object is made of cells.
Which of the following things can be classified as a living organism?
bacteria,
shark,
a single cell in your skin
Which of the following terms can refer to all life activities on a chemical level?
Metabolism
Simple life forms, like bacteria, have simple chemistry. True or False?
False
What is the basic unit of structure and function in living things?
The cell
What is the sum of all the chemical reactions in a cell called?
metabolism
Which principle of biology states that all living organisms are made of one or more cells?
Cell theory
Which large molecule do chromosomes contain?
DNA
Genes are located on structures called
chromosomes
The unifying principles of biology are cell theory, evolution, homeostasis, and which of the following?
Gene theory
Which unifying principle(s) form the basis of biology?
cell theory
homeostasis
evolution
gene theory
Which statement about cells is incorrect?
It takes many cells to make a living organism
What is the correct ordering of nucleus, chromosome, and gene from smallest to largest?
Gene, chromosome, nucleus
What is the term for a characteristic that helps a living thing survive and reproduce in a given environment?
Adaptation
Four unifying principles of modern biology are cell theory, gene theory, homeostasis, and
Evolution
Natural selection is a change in the characteristics of living things over time. True or False?
False
What term refers to the interaction between two organisms that depend on the same resource at the same time and in the same place?
Composition
What is the relationship between two organisms that depend on the same resources in the same place at the same time?
Composition
Two trees growing close to each other both use light, water, and the same nutrients in the soil. Which interaction is likely to occur between the two trees?
Composition
Which concept describes how the survival of one organism relies on interactions with other organisms?
Interdependence
Symbiosis is a relationship between organisms in which both benefit. True or False?
False
Which interaction is a close relationship between organisms of different species in which at least one of the organisms benefits?
Symbiosis
Flowering plants depend on organisms like insects and birds. True or False?
True
Birds landing on antelopes to pick out food from the fur is an example of symbiosis. True or False?
True
An organism is an individual living thing. True or False?
True
Competition is a relationship between living things that depend on the same resources. True or False?
True
Which of the following are organs of a plant?
leaves
stems
roots
What is a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area called?
Population
What is the correct order of the levels of organization in a living thing from simple to complex?
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What level of organization refers to all the biotic and abiotic factors in an area?
ecosystem
Which level of organization refers to a structure composed of two or more tissues working together to perform a specific function?
Organ
Which level of organization refers to a group of similar ecosystems with the same general type of physical environment?
Biome
The human digestive tract is an example of which of the following?
Organ system
What level of organization consists of all the living things in a given area, together with the nonliving environment?
Ecosystem
Cartilage is a group of cells that acts as a cushion between bones. Cartilage is an example of which level of organization?
Tissue
Which of the following is NOT a main class of organic compounds?
Water
Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates?
provides energy to cells
Which type of organic compound (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, or nucleic acids) stores genetic information?
Nucleic acids
Enzymes are an example of which main class of organic compounds?
Proteins
Fats are an example one of the main classes of organic compounds, called
lipids
Which type of organic compound makes up sugars and starches?
carbohydrates
Which of the following is NOT true of a compound?
It is always made up at least partly of carbon.
What is a compound found mainly in living things called?
an organic compound
What is a substance that consists of two or more elements?
A compound
What do carbohydrates NOT contain?
Water
Which type of organic compound stores energy and includes sugar or starch?
carbohydrate
Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?
starch,
cellulose,
chitin
What is the exoskeleton of a grasshopper made up of?
chitin
Carbohydrates provide living cells with a major source of what?
Energy
An organic compound used to store energy, such as sugar or starch, is called a
carbohydrate
Which is an example of a monosaccharide?
glucose
What is the function of starch?
Used by plants to store energy
What are carbohydrates made of?
monosaccharides
What is the function of cellulose?
Used by plants to form strong cell walls
What important protein do human red blood cells contain?
hemoglobin
What are the organic compounds made from amino acids?
proteins
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in cells are called
enzymes
A long chain of molecules linked by amino acids binding together is a
polypeptide
Which of the following are functions of proteins?
transport items in and out of cells,
help cells keep their shape,
speed up chemical reactions
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of proteins?
contain genetic information
Titin, a protein in muscle cells, contains over 27,000 amino acids. True or False?
True
The order and properties of amino acids determine the structure of a
protein
What is the largest known protein found in muscles?
titin
What level of protein structure occurs when the sequences of amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds?
Secondary
Which class of organic compounds includes steroids and triglycerides?
Lipid
Steroids are a major class of _____.
Lipids
Which of the following are types of lipids?
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids
Which lipid is the main component of cell membranes?
Phospholipids
You eat delicious Chinese takeout for dinner. In what form does your body store the fat?
triglycerides
What is the general formula for fatty acids?
CH3(CH2)nCOOH
What type of organic compound is represented by the formula ?
CH3 (CH2 )4COOH?
hexanoic acid
What substances yield the most energy per unit of weight?
Lipids
Animals use unsaturated fatty acids to store body energy. True or False?
False
A molecule of ____ is shaped like a double helix, which makes it look like a twisted ladder.
DNA
What are the components of a nucleotide?
sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base
Each ________ consists of three smaller molecules: a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.
nucleotide
Which of the following is a part of a nucleotide?
sugar,
phosphate group,
nitrogen base
What is the name of the monomer (subunit) that makes up the two complimentary chains of DNA?
Nucleotides
What are chains of nucleotides that join together to make a nucleic acid called?
Polynucleotide
Complete the following sentence: ________ uses the information in ________ to assemble the __________ and make the proteins.
RNA, DNA, amino acids
A nucleic acid that consists of one polynucleotide chain that helps in making proteins in a cell is _____.
RNA
How many bases of RNA represent an amino acid?
3
Why would you expect equal numbers of guanine and cytosine in a molecule of DNA, but not necessarily in a molecule of RNA?
Because in DNA all nucleotides are expected to be paired
A substance that starts a chemical reaction is known as a reactant. What forms as a result of a chemical reaction?
product
_____ is the study of the chemical substances and reactions occurring in living organisms.
Biochemistry
A _______ is a substance that forms as a result of a chemical reaction.
Product
Water (H2O) forms from hydrogen (H+) and oxygen (O2). Which chemical equation represents the formation of water from these two elements?
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
In the burning of methane, what are the reactants?
methane (CH4) and oxygen (O2)
A process which involves changing chemical substances into others is known as a nuclear reaction. True or False?
False
A reactant is a substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction. True or False?
False
A substance that forms as a result of a chemical reaction is called a ________.
product
How does conservation of matter apply to chemical reactions?
The amount of each element is the same in the products and reactants.
In a chemical reaction, the quantity of each element does not change.
True
The ability to do work is called _____.
energy
What is the general chemical equation for an endothermic reaction?
Reactants Heat Products
_________ energy is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
Activation
What is the general chemical equation for an exothermic reaction?
Reactants Products Heat
What is the general chemical equation for an endothermic reaction?
Reactants + Heat → Products
What makes a chemical reaction endothermic?
Heat absorption
Which of the following statements is NOT true about energy and chemical reactions?
Some chemical reactions neither release nor absorb energy.
A reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings is an exothermic reaction. True or False?
False
The burning of a substance is an example of an endothermic reaction. True or False?
False
A chemical reaction that releases energy (as heat) is called an ________ reaction.
exothermic
Activation energy does not provide the "push" needed to start a chemical reaction. True or False?
False
The sum of all of an organism's biochemical reactions is called
metabolism
In a catabolic reaction, ____________.
big molecules are broken down into smaller units
A(n) _______ reaction breaks down a complex molecule into simpler substances to release energy.
catabolic
Anabolic reactions are biochemical reactions in which _____________.
bigger molecules are built from smaller molecules
Is the breakdown of glucose an anabolic or catabolic reaction?
Catabolic
Which statement about anabolic reactions is true?
Anabolic reactions are endothermic.
Which of the following is/are example(s) of an anabolic reaction?
Formation of proteins from amino acids
An example of a ________ reaction is the joining of amino acids to form a protein.
anabolic
Joining amino acids to form a protein is _____.
Anabolic
reactions are chemical reactions that take place inside the cells of living things.
Biochemical
What are exothermic reactions in organisms called?
Catabolic reactions
What are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions called?
enzymes
Biological catalysts which allow reactions to occur at the rate necessary for life are called
enzymes
Enzymes are biological
catalysts
While a typical biochemical reaction could take several days to occur without an enzyme, it takes longer when an enzyme is present. True or False?
False
At least 4000 unique biochemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes. True or False?
True
Enzymes are reactants in chemical reactions. True or False?
False
Which place on an enzyme binds a substrate?
active site
What is one way that enzymes are different from other types of catalysts?
They can be highly specific for particular chemical reactions.
Which of the following are examples of ways enzymes speed up biochemical reactions?
They help reactions happen when the concentration of reactants is too low.
Enzymes are used up in chemical reactions. True or False?
False
In the cell, enzymes act as _____.
catalysts
The role of an enzyme in a chemical reaction is to _____.
Speed up the reaction
At what site on the enzyme are reactants brought together during a chemical reaction?
Active site
The activity of enzymes depend on the _________, ionic conditions, and the pH of the environment.
temperature
The enzyme __________ works best in the acidic environment of the stomach, at a pH of about 1.5.
Pepsin
What conditions affect the activity of enzymes?
Temperature,
ionic conditions,
pH of the surrounding
Enzymes speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the ________ energy of chemical reactions.
activation
What is the substrate in a reaction?
The reactants
What happens to the enzymes in a person's body when their body temperature returns to normal after a fever?
They regain their shape and normal activity
Enzymes lower the activation energy for both endothermic and exothermic reactions. True or False?
True
What is the name of the process by which plant cells make use of sunlight to change carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen?
Photosynthesis
What percent of the human body (approximately) is made up of water?
70%
Why do the biochemical reactions of living things depend on water?
Water may be a reactant or a product,
Water can dissolve many substances,
Water must be present for many biochemical reactions to take place.
How does the strength of intramolecular bonds within a water molecule compare to the strength of intermolecular bonds between water molecules?
The intramolecular bonds within a water molecule are stronger than the intermolecular bonds between water molecules.
In a water molecule, how do the electrical charges compare between oxygen and hydrogen atoms?
The oxygen atom is slightly negative in charge, while the hydrogen atoms are slightly positive in charge.
Which of the following is NOT another name for water?
Hydrogen dioxide
What term describes a molecule in which electrical charge differs between different parts of the same molecule?
polar
Why does ice float on liquid water?
Water expands when it freezes.
What are hydrogen bonds?
Weak bonds between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and a hydrogen atom of another.
What gives water most of its unique properties?
hydrogen bonding between water molecules
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
7
Are milk, coffee, and orange juice acidic or basic?
Acidic
A solution with a pH higher than 7 is called a(n) _____ solution.
Basic
A ________ is a mixture with the same composition throughout.
solution
Ocean water has a pH of approximately 8.5. That means ocean water is ___.
basic
Which material maintains the digestive environment in the stomach?
strong acids
Alkalinity, a measure of how basic a substance is, is not measured on a pH scale. True or False?
False
A solution with a pH lower than 7 is called a base. True or False?
False
Assume that you test an unknown solution and find that it has a pH of 7.2. What type of solution is it?
Base
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