biology 101 chapter 5 textbook based

describe the energy transformations that occur when you climb to the top of a stairway
Click the card to flip 👆
1 / 13
Terms in this set (13)
describe the energy transformations that occur when you climb to the top of a stairway
You transform the chemical energy from food to the kinetic energy of your upward climb. At the top of the stairs, some of the energy has been stored as potential energy because of your higher elevation. The rest has been transformed to heat.
... is the capacity to perform work, while ... is a measure of randomness.
energy; entropy
the label on a candy bar says that it contains 150 calories. if you could convert all of that energy to heat, you could raise the temperature of how much water by 15 degrees celsius?
10,000 g (or 10 kg); remember that
1 Calorie on a food label equals
1,000 calories of heat energy.
why does removing a phosphate group from the triphosphate tail in a molecule of ATP release energy?
The three phosphate groups store chemical energy, a form of potential energy. The release of a phosphate group makes some of this potential energy available to cells to perform work.
Your digestive system uses a variety of enzymes to break down large food molecules into smaller ones that your cells can assimilate. A generic name for a digestive enzyme is hydrolase. What is the chemical basis for that name?
Hydrolases are enzymes that participate in hydrolysis reactions, breaking down large molecules into the smaller molecules that make them up. Enzymes often have names that end in -ase, so a hydrolase is an enzyme that performs hydrolysis reactions.
explain how an inhibitor can disrupt an enzyme's action without binding to the active site
An inhibitor's binding to another site on the enzyme can cause the enzyme's active site to change shape.
if someone at the other end of a room smokes a cigarette, you may breathe in some smoke. the movement of smoke is similar to what type of transport?
diffusion
explain why it is not enough to say that a solution is hypertonic?
Hypertonic and hypotonic are relative terms. A solution that is hypertonic to tap water could be hypotonic to seawater. When using these terms, you must provide a comparison, as in "The solution is hypertonic to the cell's cytoplasm."
what is the primary difference between passive and active transport in terms of concentration gradients?
Passive transport moves atoms or molecules along their concentration gradient (from higher to lower concentration), and active transport moves them against their concentration gradient.
what types of cellular transports require energy?
active transport