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American History Quarter 1 Exam Study Guide

Terms in this set (26)

Imperialism
the policy where stronger nations extend their economic, political or military control over weaker territories
Progressive Era
aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life from 1890 until around 1920
Sherman Antitrust Act
1890 act made it illegal for corporations to form monopolies
Henry Ford
American tycoon pioneered the use of the assembly line
Upton Sinclair
his famous book, The Jungle, told of the sickening conditions of the meat packing industry and thus led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act of 1906
Edith Wilson
due to her husband's poor health, some historians refer to which first lady as "America's First Woman President"
19th Amendment
amendment granted women the right to vote in 1920
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
1911 tragedy led to improvements such as fire escapes and sprinklers in factories
Alice Paul
suffragette who led a group called the Silent Sentinels on a round the clock picket outside the White House in order to get the vote for women
Hull House
the most famous social settlement house started by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr
Plessy v. Ferguson
before being overturned in 1954, 1890s Supreme Court case that legalized segregation in the United States
Theodore Roosevelt
former president ran for another term in 1912 under the new Bull Moose Party
Square Deal
the name of Teddy Roosevelt's domestic policy during his administration
Answers will vary - you can talk about the Square Deal and specific programs in it, conservation, trust-busting, civil rights (he invited a black man - Booker T. Washington - to the White House), giving unions/laborers more of a voice, etc...
How did Theodore Roosevelt further the goals of progressivism when he was president?
Populism - a movement of the people

Ideas (name at least 3 examples) = Silver standard, government regulation of the railroads, graduated income tax, tariff reduction, abolition of nation banks, direct popular elections of US Senators, 8-hour workday, women's suffrage, etc...
What was Populism? What were some of the ideas populists were pushing for at the turn of the 20th century?
JP Morgan - investments - banking industry

John D. Rockefeller - buying out competition - oil industry

Andrew Carnegie - buying all the steps necessary to run his business - steel industry
What method did each of the following use to build his fortune and what industry did they become famous (and wealthy) for controlling? A) JP Morgan, B) John D. Rockefeller, and C) Andrew Carniege)?
Varies - Great Southwest Railroad Strike of 1886, Haymarket Riot of 1886, Homestead Strike of 1892, Pullman Strike of 1894, Newsboy Strike of 1899, The Great Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902, Battle of Blair Mountain, Triangle Shirtwaist Fire of 1911, etc...

Varies - each contributed to improving the conditions of laborers - better way, less hours, more safety regulations, etc...
Identify the names of at least 3 labor conflicts in the late 1800s to early 1900s. How were these events significant in labor/American history?
Long Hours, Little Pay, "Company Stores", child labor, unsafe working conditions, no fire escapes, etc...
List problems for workers that lead to union organization and high union membership at the turn of the 20th century. (Name at least 3 problems)
His stories were all about poor immigrants working their way up to become wealthy members of American society. This appealed to immigrants and very poor Americans because it gave them hope they could also do this.
Explain the Horatio Alger "Rags to Riches" myth. Why did this myth become so popular in the early twentieth century?
It represented the gold vs. silver standard debate and focused on rights of the people.

KNOW FIVE:
Dorothy - average American people at their best
Glenda the Good Witch - Northern & Southern Farmers Alliances who created the Populist Party
Death of the Wicked Witch of the East - Eastern banking and industrial establishment
Lollipop Guild - Little people enslaved by industry/banking or child labor
Yellow Brick Road - gold standard
Dorothy's silver shoes - silver standard
Oz - ounce 16 ounces of silver equals 1 ounce of gold
Scarecrow = farmers
Tin Man - factory workers
Cowardly Lion - William Jennings Bryan Emerald City - Washington DC
Wicked Witch of the West - problems Western farmers were dealing with
Flying Monkeys - Native Americans
Guards - federal troops
Melting Witch - drought that had been plaguing the west
Wizard of Oz - President McKinley or any Gilded Age president
"You had the power all along" - the people had the power all along and that is what America is about
How was L. Frank Baum's novel, "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz" a representation of the Populist movement? Describe at least 5 parts of the book (characters, items, ideas, etc...) and what they represented as far as the movement was concerned
16th Amendment (Income Tax)
17th Amendment (Direct Election of Senators)
18th Amendment (Prohibition)
19th Amendment (Women's Suffrage)
List three Progressive Amendments that were added to the Constitution at the turn of the 20th century?
Espionage & Sedition Acts placed limits on what you could say, write, publish during times of war. Many Americans went to jail for speaking out against various wars and conflicts we were in. Based on that knowledge, the rest of this question is your opinion! Basically, do you think Americans should maintain their first amendment right of freedom of speech even in times of war and conflict?
Upon passage of the Espionage and Sedition Acts, many people felt that their civil liberties were under attack as the government sought to stifle dissent. Do you think these measures were an appropriate domestic policy during a time of war? Explain.
According to the NAACP, lynching is when 1) there must be evidence that someone was killed, 2) The killing must have occurred illegally, 3) Three or more persons must have taken part in the killing, and 4) The killers must have claimed to be serving justice or tradition

The rest of this question is your opinion!
What is lynching? Why do you think it was most popular between the 1880s and the 1920s? Do you think lynching still occurs today? Do you think late-nineteenth century and early twentieth century activities of the Ku Klux Klan were acts of terrorism? Did the federal, state or local governments classify them as such? Why or why not?
Similar to question #14 - Answers will vary - you can talk about the Square Deal and specific programs in it, conservation, trust busting, civil rights (he invited a black man - Booker T. Washington - to the White House), giving unions/laborers more of a voice, etc...
Why was Teddy Roosevelt considered a Progressive president? Give at least three reasons why he could be called that and explain why those things made him progressive for his time.
This is all your opinion! Just answer all parts and explain your answer!
Do you think people should be guaranteed the right to organize in a union? Why was it so important that they risked their lives to defend their right to organize? Do you think union organization is as important to most workers today? Why or why not?
This is all your opinion! Just answer all parts and explain your answer!
Why is it important to be critical with reviewing any kind of historical document or other type of primary or secondary source? How might biases in such sources affect your interpretation of an historical person or event? What effect does context have on your understanding? Do you believe biased materials are still valuable when studying history? Why or why not?
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