ReformationA religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.Counter-Reformationthe reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected)Peace of Augsburg1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its rulerHenry VIIIEnglish king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval)John Calvin1509-1564. French theologian. Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings.Ignatius de LoyolaFounded the JesuitsBlack DeathA deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351FootbindingPractice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household.Altruismunselfish concern for the welfare of othersCalligraphyart of beautiful handwritingPhilosophyLove of wisdomCivil service examIn Imperial China starting in the Han dynasty, it was an exam based on Confucian teachings that was used to select people for various government service jobs in the nationwide administrative bureaucracy.Mandate of heaventhe belief that the Chinese king's right to rule came from the godsDynastic Cyclethe historical pattern of the rise, decline, and replacement of dynastiesHow to live a happy harmonious life.General idea of Confucian aphorismsBenefit of production of a surplus of foodtrade the excess
