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Bio Quiz 12

Terms in this set (66)

Almost all of the disorders of the respiratory system are due to infectious diseases. Those that are not infectious are most likely inherited diseases.
false
Which of the following is an upper respiratory tract disease?
pharyngitis
What happens if you hyperventilate?
The pH of the blood becomes more basic.
In humans, the lungs inflate when the
external intercostal rib muscles and diaphragm contract.
Compared to outside air, describe the air that reaches the lungs.
warmer and with more moisture
The highest carbon dioxide concentration will be found in (or at) the
tissue cells.
Why does the surface of the lungs need to be covered with pleura?
to enable the lungs to slide past the internal chest wall and diaphragm
A voice changes from high to low pitch in speaking by
changing the tension on the vocal cords.
Blood richest in oxygen is found in the
pulmonary veins
Scientific studies have shown that which of the following is NOT associated with smoking?
increased risk of diabetes
Most of the carbon dioxide transported in the plasma is in the form of
bicarbonate ions.
A short while after a person has died, a "gasp" of air may occur as the lungs collapse. This flow would represent the
residual volume.
Which association is NOT correct?
pharynx—vocal cords
From the inside of the lungs, what is the first cell type the air must pass through to reach the blood?
simple squamous epithelium
A pressurized airplane cabin and an oxygen tent over a patient in a hospital both address the need of a person for oxygen. How do these compare?
The oxygen tent increases concentration of O 2 while the airplane maintains total air pressure without changing concentrations
If a lung is punctured in a car accident, that lobe fails to inflate even though there is no obstruction of the air passageway to that lobe. Why?
When the chest volume expands, air can now rush in through the puncture without filling the alveoli.
The maximum volume of air that can be moved in plus the maximum volume of air that can be moved out during a single breath is the
vital capacity.
You are looking at a structure in the respiratory tract that is filled with small sacs or air pockets. What structure are you looking at?
alveoli
The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood occurs by the process of
diffusion
Which of the following diseases is caused by exposure to particles inhaled primarily in the workplace (silica, coal dust, etc.)?
pulmonary fibrosis
Which is NOT a correct association of respiratory problems and symptoms?
tonsillitis—inflammation of the uvula often cured by removal of the useless tissue
The symptoms of laryngitis include a severe sore throat, high fever, and white patches on the throat.
false
How does expired air compare with inspired air?
Expired air contains less oxygen but more carbon dioxide.
Cystic fibrosis has a genetic cause.
true
Phillip is breathing at approximately 40 ventilations per minute. What is the respiratory center indicating?
high carbon dioxide concentration in the blood
Which disease has an allergic cause?
asthma
Which of the following symptoms would not be typical of otitis media?
headache
What components does respiration include?
exchange of gases in the lungs and in the tissues
Carbonic anhydrase
speeds up the conversion of carbonic acid to carbon dioxide and water.
The breathing rate is controlled by chemoreceptors that detect
levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.
After the trachea, what is the next structure that air passes through?
bronchi
Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the
epiglottis
A lung disease caused by bacteria that become encapsulated is called
tuberculosis.
Oxygen in the lungs diffuses from the capillary walls to enter the alveolar walls.
False
The vocal cords are found in the
larynx.
An infection with Mycobacterium can cause tubercles in the lungs.
True
Which is NOT a correct association of lower respiratory problems and causes or symptoms?
emphysema—reduced lung and chest volume due to collapsed alveoli and overventilation
Which is NOT a major function of the respiratory tract?
transferring and extracting nutrients
Which of the following statements does not correctly describe air movement along the respiratory tract?
The bronchi serve as passageways into the trachea.
Imagine you are trying to fit down an aisle at the local store that is filled with boxes. In order to squeeze between two stacks of boxes you need to "suck it in." Which of the following descriptions best explains why "sucking it in" isn't the best way to fit through a tight space?
While sucking it in, your diaphragm contracts and moves down, causing the lung volume to increase. This causes the rib cage to move up and out, making your chest expand.
Which of the following diseases make up chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma
The type of respiration in which gases are exchanged between the blood and tissue fluid is termed
internal respiration.
What happens to the blood pH if a person hyperventilates?
The pH will increase.
Which part of the respiratory system is composed of C-shaped cartilaginous rings and cilia?
trachea
Sarah comes home from school with a horrible pressure behind her eyes. Her nose is running and she has a headache. She recently had a cold. What is Sarah most likely suffering from?
sinusitis
Which portion of the respiratory tract is commonly referred to as the "throat"?
pharynx
Which of the following treatments can cure lung cancer?
pneumonectomy
When we are relaxed, only a small amount of air moves in and out with each breath. This is called
tidal volume.
Trace the path of an inhaled air molecule.
nasal cavity → pharynx → glottis → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli
Which respiratory organ normally allows both air and food passage?
pharynx
The Adam's apple is actually a part of the
larynx
In an average adult, only about 1/3 of the air inhaled actually reaches the alveoli.
False
Oxygen is transported in blood most efficiently by
combining with hemoglobin.
Both inspiration and expiration require active engagement of the diaphragm and the rib muscles.
False
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the normal mechanism of ventilation?
The intrapleural pressure must be greater than the atmospheric pressure.
Many lung ailments are "not curable but treatable." Which of the following conditions is most curable?
standard tuberculosis
You should treat the common cold with antibiotics to shorten the duration of symptoms.
False
What happens to the pH of the bloodstream if a person hypoventilates?
The pH of the blood will become more acidic.
Which of the following respiratory structures will have the least amount of cartilage and the thinnest walls?
bronchioles
What keeps the alveoli open so that gas exchange can take place?
surfactant
By what route does CO 2 leave the body?
pulmonary artery → alveolus → bronchiole → bronchus → trachea → larynx → pharynx
The entrance and exit of air into and out of the lungs is called
ventilation
Aortic and carotid bodies are
sensitive to oxygen changes.
The majority of cases of lung cancer are associated with smoking.
true
Which disease causes the lungs to fill with thick fluid?
pneumonia
Blood in the pulmonary capillaries has a higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide than atmospheric air.
true
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