Tumor Suppressor gene
Halts cell division, and induces apoptosis
MANY cancersFunction and what cancers is this associated with?
p53correct errors that arise when cells duplicate DNA prior to cell division --> if these repair genes do not work correctly it can lead to cancerWhat do DNA repair Genes do?Apoptosis - programmed cell death in normal cells / there is dysfunction with this with cancer
Angiogenesis inhibition - prevent formation of blood vessel growth / tumor cells can signal to form new vessel that enable cancel to grow and proliferate
T Cells - normally protective / cancer stops them from working rightDefine: normal and with cancer
Apoptosis -
Angiogenesis inhibition -
T Cells -False - probably insufficientT/F
single mutations are sufficient to initiate cancermultiple____________________ mutations are necessary for carcinogenesistargetable with an anticancer treatmentDefine
Actionable Mutationuncontrolled growth of cells remaining in original locationDefine
Carcinoma in situ:Everything that is malignant ends with:
carcinoma or sarcoma
and these are the exception
lymphomas / multiple myeloma / melanoma / glioblastoma and astrocytomaTumor classification..*******cancer cells are killed with every course / multiple rounds of treatment are required / small changes in drug doses may increase chance of survivalWhat is the relevance of tumor growth principles?IntermittentWhat type of cycle is needed to kill residual cells?malignantAll __________________ must be eradicated for a cureScreening - asymptomatic pts
warning signs - screen symptomatic patients
diagnosis - with labs and biopsy
staging - has the cancer spread?
treatment - what are patient goals?
*supportive care - management of tumor effects or chemotherapy side effects
Palliative care - no treatment
End of life - no treatmentWhat are some interventions and their meaning?
Screening -
warning signs -
diagnosis -
staging -
treatment -
*supportive care -
Palliative care -
End of life -mammogram or colonoscopyScreening can be anything such as....________________ etc..C - change in bowel or bladder habits
A - a sore throat that does not heal
U - unusual bleeding or discharge
T - thickening or lump in a body part
I - indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O - obvious change in a wart or mole
N - nagging cough or hoarsenessWarning Signs:
C -
A -
U -
T -
I -
O -
N -T - Primary tumor involvement (T1-4)
N - lymph note involvement / ā„ 1 N = stage 2 or 3
M (metastatic) - ā„ 1 = stage IVKnow how to stage
***induce remission / cure / eradicate cancer / improve QOLWhat is the role of chemotherapy?treat symptoms / non-curative / improve QOLWhat is palliative intent?0-100%
ā„ 60% = chemo eligibleHow do we do Karnofsky?0-4
0,1,2 = chemo eligibleHow do we use ECOG status?management of disease related effects / chemotherapy and immunotherapy adverse effectsWhat is supportive care?reduce pain and other disease symptoms without dealing with the cause of the condition
- treatment may not be feasible or pt may not want treatment anymoreWhat is palliative care? / end of life careLocal
Surgery: diagnose and treat cancer / can remove tumors
Radiation: destroys cancer cells
Systemic
Chemotherapy: manage and treat primary tumor and metastatic disease / kill rapidly dividing cells
Immunotherapy: boosts individuals immune response
Targeted Therapy: molecular inhibitor drugs or monoclonal antibodies that precisely target cancer cellsKnow Modality and Role:
Surgery:
Radiation:
Chemotherapy:
Immunotherapy:
Targeted Therapy:Neoadjuvant - chemotherapy administered before surgery or radiation
Primary Treatment - best treatment
Adjuvant - given AFTER primary therapy to enhance possibility of cure
Salvage - administered AFTER primary treatment has FAILED - usually different
Induction - 1st step of therapy (loading dose or first dose)
Consolidation - intensive chemotherapy given after induction
Maintenance - low dose chemotherapy to promote lifelong remissionDefinitions:
Neoadjuvant -
Primary Treatment -
Adjuvant -
Salvage -
Induction -
Consolidation -
Maintenance -
